Collaborators GBDAM. Global, regional, and National mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 2021;398(10311):1593–618.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gore FM, Bloem PJ, Patton GC, Ferguson J, Joseph V, Coffey C, et al. Global burden of disease in young people aged 10–24 years: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2011;377(9783):2093–102.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patton GC, Viner R. Pubertal transitions in health. Lancet. 2007;369(9567):1130–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Costello EJ, Egger H, Angold A. 10-year research update review: the epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: I. Methods and public health burden. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44(10):972–86.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cacioppo JT, Cacioppo S. Social relationships and health: the toxic effects of perceived social isolation. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2014;8(2):58–72.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kimura Y, Wada T, Okumiya K, Ishimoto Y, Fukutomi E, Kasahara Y, et al. Eating alone among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: association with depression and food diversity. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(8):728–31.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Furman DJ, Hamilton JP, Gotlib IH. Frontostriatal functional connectivity in major depressive disorder. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord. 2011;1(1):11.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Felger JC, Li Z, Haroon E, Woolwine BJ, Jung MY, Hu X, et al. Inflammation is associated with decreased functional connectivity within corticostriatal reward circuitry in depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21(10):1358–65.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zvejniece L, Zvejniece B, Videja M, Stelfa G, Vavers E, Grinberga S, et al. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of DAT inhibitor R-phenylpiracetam in experimental models of inflammation in male mice. Inflammopharmacology. 2020;28(5):1283–92.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Eshel N, Tian J, Bukwich M, Uchida N. Dopamine neurons share common response function for reward prediction error. Nat Neurosci. 2016;19(3):479–86.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wise RA. Dopamine and reward: the anhedonia hypothesis 30 years on. Neurotox Res. 2008;14(2–3):169–83.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Forbes EE. Chasing the holy Grail: developmentally informed research on frontostriatal reward circuitry in depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2020;177(8):660–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Drysdale AT, Grosenick L, Downar J, Dunlop K, Mansouri F, Meng Y, et al. Resting-state connectivity biomarkers define neurophysiological subtypes of depression. Nat Med. 2017;23(1):28–38.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wei SY, Tseng HH, Chang HH, Lu TH, Chang WH, Chiu NT, et al. Dysregulation of Oxytocin and dopamine in the corticostriatal circuitry in bipolar II disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):281.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Keren H, O’Callaghan G, Vidal-Ribas P, Buzzell GA, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E, et al. Reward processing in depression: A conceptual and Meta-Analytic review across fMRI and EEG studies. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175(11):1111–20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pan PM, Sato JR, Salum GA, Rohde LA, Gadelha A, Zugman A, et al. Ventral striatum functional connectivity as a predictor of adolescent depressive disorder in a longitudinal Community-Based sample. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174(11):1112–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nielson DM, Keren H, O’Callaghan G, Jackson SM, Douka I, Vidal-Ribas P, et al. Great expectations: A critical review of and suggestions for the study of reward processing as a cause and predictor of depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;89(2):134–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu Z, Li L, Zheng LT, Xu Z, Guo L, Zhen X. Allosteric modulation of sigma-1 receptors by SKF83959 inhibits microglia-mediated inflammation. J Neurochem. 2015;134(5):904–14.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Treadway MT, Cooper JA, Miller AH. Can’t or won’t?? Immunometabolic constraints on dopaminergic drive. Trends Cogn Sci. 2019;23(5):435–48.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Felger JC, Treadway MT. Inflammation effects on motivation and motor activity: role of dopamine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(1):216–41.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Felger JC. The role of dopamine in Inflammation-Associated depression: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2017;31:199–219.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Russo SJ, Nestler EJ. The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14(9):609–25.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Felger JC, Alagbe O, Hu F, Mook D, Freeman AA, Sanchez MM, et al. Effects of interferon-alpha on rhesus monkeys: a nonhuman primate model of cytokine-induced depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62(11):1324–33.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Felger JC, Mun J, Kimmel HL, Nye JA, Drake DF, Hernandez CR, et al. Chronic interferon-alpha decreases dopamine 2 receptor binding and striatal dopamine release in association with anhedonia-like behavior in nonhuman primates. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38(11):2179–87.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xia QP, Cheng ZY, He L. The modulatory role of dopamine receptors in brain neuroinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;76:105908.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nagatomo K, Suga S, Saitoh M, Kogawa M, Kobayashi K, Yamamoto Y, et al. Dopamine D1 receptor immunoreactivity on fine processes of GFAP-Positive astrocytes in the substantia Nigra Pars reticulata of adult mouse. Front Neuroanat. 2017;11:3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huck JH, Freyer D, Bottcher C, Mladinov M, Muselmann-Genschow C, Thielke M, et al. De Novo expression of dopamine D2 receptors on microglia after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015;35(11):1804–11.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Singh S, Mishra A, Srivastava N, Shukla R, Shukla S. Acetyl-L-Carnitine via upegulating dopamine D1 receptor and attenuating microglial activation prevents neuronal loss and improves memory functions in parkinsonian rats. Mol Neurobiol. 2018;55(1):583–602.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

D’Mello C, Swain MG. Immune-to-Brain communication pathways in Inflammation-Associated sickness and depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2017;31:73–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lotrich FE. Inflammatory cytokine-associated depression. Brain Res. 2015;1617:113–25.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhao X, Cao F, Liu Q, Li X, Xu G, Liu G, et al. Behavioral, inflammatory and neurochemical disturbances in LPS and UCMS-induced mouse models of depression. Behav Brain Res. 2019;364:494–502.

Article  PubMed  CAS