Scott JA, Da Camara CC, Early JE (1999) Raloxifene: a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Am Fam Physician 60(4):1131–1139

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Drug and Health Product Portal - ‘EVISTA ® (raloxifene hydrochloride) 60 mg Tablets Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator. https://dhpp.hpfb-dgpsa.ca/dhpp/resource/62480. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH et al (1999) Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene results from a 3-Year randomized clinical trial. JAMA 282(7):637–645. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.7.637

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Evista | Notice of Compliance Information. https://health-products.canada.ca/noc-ac/nocInfo?no=3141. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Evista@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020815. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Evista | European Medicines Agency (EMA). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/evista. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

FDA Approves Lilly’s Osteoporosis Drug EVISTA(R) (raloxifene HCl) to Reduce The Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer in Two Populations of Postmenopausal Women | Eli Lilly and Company. https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fda-approves-lillys-osteoporosis-drug-evistar-raloxifene-hcl. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Barrett-Connor E, Mosca L, Collins P et al (2006) Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 355(2):125–137

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Archived - Evista (raloxifene hydrochloride) Advisories, Warnings and Recalls for Health Professionals - Recalls, advisories and safety alerts – Canada.ca. https://recalls-rappels.canada.ca/en/alert-recall/archived-evista-raloxifene-hydrochloride-advisories-warnings-and-recalls-health. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Morin SN, Feldman S, Funnell L et al (2023) Clinical practice guideline for management of osteoporosis and fracture prevention in Canada: 2023 update. Can Med Assoc J: CMAJ 195(39):E1333–E1348. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.221647

Article  Google Scholar 

Martin D, Miller AP, Quesnel-Vallée A et al (2018) Canada’s universal health-care system: achieving its potential. The Lancet 391(10131):1718–1735. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30181-8

Article  Google Scholar 

Cadarette SM, Wong L (2015) An introduction to health care administrative data. Can J Hosp Pharm 68(3):232–237

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Get coverage for prescription drugs | ontario.ca. http://www.ontario.ca/page/get-coverage-prescription-drugs. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Applying to the Exceptional Access Program | ontario.ca. http://www.ontario.ca/page/applying-exceptional-access-program. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Ontario Drug Benefit Formulary/Comparative Drug Index Edition 43. https://www.ontario.ca/files/2024-04/moh-formulary-edition-43-2024-04-02.pdf. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Formulary Search: Ontario Drug Benefit Formulary/Comparative Drug Index. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care; 2023. https://www.formulary.health.gov.on.ca/formulary/. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Cadarette SM, Jaglal SB, Raman-Wilms L, Beaton DE, Paterson JM (2011) Osteoporosis quality indicators using healthcare utilization data. Osteoporos Int 22(5):1335–1342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1329-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levy AR, O’Brien BJ, Sellors C, Grootendorst P, Willison D (2003) Coding accuracy of administrative drug claims in the Ontario drug benefit database. Can J Clin Pharmacol 10(2):67–71

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, S.O. 2004, c. 3, Sched. A | ontario.ca. https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/04p03. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Kralj B. Measuring Rurality - RIO2008_BASIC: Methodology and Results. https://www.hqontario.ca/Portals/0/documents/pr/hqo-geographic-location-methods-review-report.pdf. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Gershon AS, Wang C, Guan J et al (2009) Identifying patients with physician-diagnosed asthma in health administrative databases. Can Respir J 16(6):183–188. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/963098

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gershon AS, Wang C, Guan J et al (2009) Identifying individuals with physcian diagnosed COPD in health administrative databases. COPD 6(5):388–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/15412550903140865

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schultz SE, Rothwell DM, Chen Z, Tu K (2013) Identifying cases of congestive heart failure from administrative data: a validation study using primary care patient records. Chronic Dis Inj Can 33(3):160–166

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lipscombe LL, Hwee J, Webster L et al (2018) Identifying diabetes cases from administrative data: a population-based validation study. BMC Health Serv Res 18(1):316. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3148-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tu K, Campbell NR, Chen ZL, Cauch-Dudek KJ, McAlister FA (2007) Accuracy of administrative databases in identifying patients with hypertension. Open Med 1(1):e18–e26

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jaakkimainen RL, Bronskill SE, Tierney MC et al (2016) Identification of physician-diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in population-based administrative data: a validation study using family physicians’ electronic medical records. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 54(1):337–349. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160105

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayes KN, Cadarette SM, Burden AM (2023) Methodological guidance for the use of real-world data to measure exposure and utilization patterns of osteoporosis medications. Bone Rep 20:101730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101730

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Singer AJ, Liu J, Yan H et al (2021) Treatment patterns and long-term persistence with osteoporosis therapies in women with Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) coverage. Osteoporos Int 32(12):2473–2484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05951-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ettinger MP, Gallagher R, MacCosbe PE (2006) Medication persistence with weekly versus daily doses of orally administered bisphosphonates. Endocr Pract 12(5):522–528. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP.12.5.522

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schnitzer T, Bone HG, Crepaldi G et al (2000) Therapeutic equivalence of alendronate 70 mg once-weekly and alendronate 10 mg daily in the treatment of osteoporosis. Alendronate once-weekly study group. Aging (Milano) 12(1):1–12

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Papaioannou A, Morin S, Cheung AM et al (2010) 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: summary. CMAJ 182(17):1864–1873. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.100771

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ban JK, Hao BB, McCarthy L, Guilcher SJT, Cadarette SM (2019) Denosumab utilization among older adults in Ontario: patient characteristics, persistence with therapy, and return to therapy after an extended gap. Osteoporos Int 30(9):1865–1872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05051-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rzepka AM, Cheung AM, Kim S, Gomes T, Cadarette SM (2024) On-time denosumab dosing recovered rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet remains suboptimal. JBMR Plus 8(5):ziae027. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae027

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hayes KN, Zullo AR, Berry SD, Oganisian A, Aggarwal S, Adegboye M, Cadarette SM (2025) Osteoporosis medication use over time in the United States and Canada. Osteoporos Int 36(6):1089–1094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-025-07484-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Drug and Health Product Portal - PROLIA® (denosumab injection) 60 mg/ mL solution 2010. https://dhpp.hpfb-dgpsa.ca/dhpp/resource/82897. Accessed 24 Jan 2025

Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288(3):321–333. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.3.321

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al (2004) Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291(14):1701–1712. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.14.1701

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bush TM, Bonomi AE, Nekhlyudov L et al (2007) How the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) influenced physicians’ practice and attitudes. J Gen Intern Med 22(9):1311–1316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0296-z

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ginsberg C, Ix JH (2022) Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in advanced kidney disease: a review. Am J Kidney Dis 79(3):427–436. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.031

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayes KN, Ban JK, Athanasiadis G, Burden AM, Cadarette SM (2019) Time trends in oral bisphosphonate initiation in Ontario, Canada over 20 years reflect drug policy and healthcare d