Lantigua H, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Michael Schmidt J, et al. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: who dies, and why? Published online. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-1036-0.

Article  Google Scholar 

Allen GS, Ahn HS, Preziosi TJ, et al. Cerebral arterial spasm–a controlled trial of nimodipine in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 1983;308(11):619–24. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198303173081103.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pickard JD, Murray GD, Illingworth R, et al. Effect of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage: British aneurysm nimodipine trial. BMJ. 1989;298(6674):636–42. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.298.6674.636.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lennihan L, Mayer SA, Fink ME, et al. Effect of Hypervolemic therapy on cerebral blood flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2000;31(2):383–91. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.2.383.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elsamadicy AA, Koo AB, Reeves BC, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome caused by induced hypertension to treat cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurg. 2020;143:e309–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WNEU.2020.07.135.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jafari AA, Mirmoeeni S, Johnson WC, et al. The effect of induced hypertension in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a narrative review. Curr J Neurol. 2023;22(3):188. https://doi.org/10.18502/CJN.V22I3.13799.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ayres JK, Maani C V. Milrinone. xPharm: the comprehensive pharmacology reference. Published online August 28, 2023:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008055232-3.62189-0

Fraticelli AT, Cholley BP, Losser MR, Maurice JP Saint, Payen D. Milrinone for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2008;39(3):893–898. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.492447

Baumann A, Derelle AL, Mertes PM, Audibert G. Seeking new approaches: milrinone in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-012-9718-9

Arakawa Y, Kikuta KI, Hojo M, Goto Y, Ishii A, Yamagata S. Milrinone for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: report of seven cases. Neurosurgery. 2001;48(4):723–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200104000-00004.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lannes M, Teitelbaum J, Del Pilar CM, Cardoso M, Angle M. Milrinone and homeostasis to treat cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage: the Montreal Neurological Hospital protocol. Neurocrit Care. 2012;16(3):354–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12028-012-9701-5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lakhal K, Hivert A, Alexandre PL, et al. Intravenous milrinone for cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage: the MILRISPASM controlled before-after study. Neurocrit Care. 2021;35(3):669–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12028-021-01331-Z/TABLES/2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abulhasan YB, Jimenez JO, Teitelbaum J, Simoneau G, Angle MR. Milrinone for refractory cerebral vasospasm with delayed cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg. 2020;1(aop):1–12. https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.1.JNS193107

Froese L, Dian J, Gomez A, Unger B, Zeiler FA. The cerebrovascular response to norepinephrine: a scoping systematic review of the animal and human literature. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2020;8(5):49. https://doi.org/10.1002/PRP2.655.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zeiler FA, Silvaggio J, Kaufmann AM, Gillman LM, West M. Norepinephrine as a potential aggravator of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm: two cases and argument for milrinone therapy. Published online. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/630970.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zimmer R, Lan6 R, Oberddrster G. Effects of catecholamine infusions on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption of the isolated perfused dog brain. Accessed September 20, 2024. http://ahajournals.org

Madhok J, Kloosterboer A, Venkatasubramanian C, Mihm FG. Catecholamine-induced cerebral vasospasm and multifocal infarctions in pheochromocytoma. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep. 2020;2020(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1530/EDM-20-0078.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huette P, Djahoum Moussa M, Beyls C, et al. Association between acute kidney injury and norepinephrine use following cardiac surgery: a retrospective propensity score-weighted analysis. Ann Intensive Care. 2022;12:61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-01037-1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duckworth JW, Wellman GC, Walters CL, Bevan JA. Aminergic histofluorescence and contractile responses to transmural electrical field stimulation and norepinephrine of human middle cerebral arteries obtained promptly after death. Accessed September 18, 2024. http://ahajournals.org

Sezer C, Zırh S, Gokten M, et al. Neuroprotective effects of milrinone on acute traumatic brain injury. World Neurosurg. 2023;170:e558–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WNEU.2022.11.072.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lanfear DE, Hasan R, Gupta RC, et al. Short term effects of milrinone on biomarkers of necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation in patients with severe heart failure. J Transl Med. 2009;7(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-7-67/FIGURES/1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cone J, Wang S, Tandon N, et al. Comparison of the effects of cilostazol and milrinone on intracellular cAMP levels and cellular function in platelets and cardiac cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1999;34(4):497–504. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199910000-00004.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar