Sasson C, Rogers MA, Dahl J, Kellermann AL. Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3:63–81. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.889576.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dragancea I, Wise MP, Al-Subaie N, Cranshaw J, Friberg H, Glover G, Pellis T, Rylance R, Walden A, Nielsen N. Protocol-driven neurological prognostication and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy after cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management. Resuscitation. 2017;117:50–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Samaniego EA, Mlynash M, Caulfield AF, Eyngorn I, Wijman CA. Sedation confounds outcome prediction in cardiac arrest survivors treated with hypothermia. Neurocrit Care. 2011;15:113–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-010-9412-8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geocadin RG, Callaway CW, Fink EL, Golan E, Greer DM, Ko NU, Lang E, Licht DJ, Marino BS, McNair ND, et al. Standards for studies of neurological prognostication in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2019;140:e517–42. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000702.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nolan JP, Sandroni C, Bottiger BW, Cariou A, Cronberg T, Friberg H, Genbrugge C, Haywood K, Lilja G, Moulaert VRM, et al. European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care. Resuscitation. 2021;161:220–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.012.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sandroni C, D’Arrigo S, Cacciola S, Hoedemaekers CWE, Kamps MJA, Oddo M, Taccone FS, Di Rocco A, Meijer FJA, Westhall E, et al. Prediction of poor neurological outcome in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:1803–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06198-w.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Coplin WM, Longstreth WT Jr, Lam AM, Chandler WL, Mayberg TS, Fine JS, Winn HR. Cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase-BB isoenzyme activity and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:1348–52. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.56.11.1348.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Longstreth WT Jr, Clayson KJ, Sumi SM. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum creatine kinase BB activity after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Neurology. 1981;31:455–8. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.31.4.455.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tirschwell DL, Longstreth WT Jr, Rauch-Matthews ME, Chandler WL, Rothstein T, Wray L, Eng LJ, Fine J, Copass MK. Cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity and neurologic prognosis after cardiac arrest. Neurology. 1997;48:352–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.48.2.352.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kamps MJ, Horn J, Oddo M, Fugate JE, Storm C, Cronberg T, Wijman CA, Wu O, Binnekade JM, Hoedemaekers CW. Prognostication of neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest patients after mild therapeutic hypothermia: a meta-analysis of the current literature. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39:1671–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-013-3004-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dragancea I, Horn J, Kuiper M, Friberg H, Ullen S, Wetterslev J, Cranshaw J, Hassager C, Nielsen N, Cronberg T, et al. Neurological prognostication after cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management 33 degrees C versus 36 degrees C: results from a randomised controlled clinical trial. Resuscitation. 2015;93:164–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.04.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tirschwell D, Longstreth W, Rauch-Matthews M, Chandler W, Rothstein T, Wray L, Eng L, Fine J, Copass M. Cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity and neurologic prognosis after cardiac arrest. Neurology. 1997;48:352–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coplin WM, Longstreth W, Lam AM, Chandler WL, Mayberg TS, Fine JS, Winn HR. Cerebrospinal Fluid Creatine Kinase–BB Isoenzyme Activity and Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:1348–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kärkelä J, Bock E, Kaukinen S. CSF and serum brain-specific creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) as prognostic markers for hypoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest in man. J Neurol Sci. 1993;116:100–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Usui A, Kato K, Murase M, Hotta T, Tanaka M, Takeuchi E, Abe T. Neural tissue-related proteins (NSE, G0α, 28-kDa calbindin-D, S100b and CK-BB) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after cardiac arrest. J Neurol Sci. 1994;123:134–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Panzarella E, Beribisky N, Cribbie RA. Denouncing the use of field-specific effect size distributions to inform magnitude. PeerJ. 2021;9:e11383. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11383.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chou SH, Robertson CS. Monitoring biomarkers of cellular injury and death in acute brain injury. Neurocrit Care. 2014;21:187–214.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Karapetkova M, Koenig MA, Jia X. Early prognostication markers in cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23:476–88.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moseby-Knappe M, Mattsson N, Nielsen N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Dankiewicz J, Dragancea I, Friberg H, Lilja G, Insel PS, et al. Serum neurofilament light chain for prognosis of outcome after cardiac arrest. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76:64–71. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.3223.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moseby-Knappe M, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Stammet P, Backman S, Blennow K, Dankiewicz J, Friberg H, Hassager C, Horn J, Kjaergaard J, et al. Serum markers of brain injury can predict good neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47:984–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-021-06481-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steinberg A, Callaway CW, Arnold RM, Cronberg T, Naito H, Dadon K, Chae MK, Elmer J. Prognostication after cardiac arrest: results of an international, multi-professional survey. Resuscitation. 2019;138:190–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.03.016.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sherman AL, Tirschwell DL, Micklesen PJ, Longstreth WT Jr, Robinson LR. Somatosensory potentials, CSF creatine kinase BB activity, and awakening after cardiac arrest. Neurology. 2000;54:889–94. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.54.4.889.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holzer M, Poole JE, Lascarrou JB, Fujise K, Nichol G. A commentary on the effect of targeted temperature management in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2022.0041.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dankiewicz J, Cronberg T, Lilja G, Jakobsen JC, Levin H, Ullen S, Rylander C, Wise MP, Oddo M, Cariou A, et al. Hypothermia versus normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:2283–94. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2100591.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wijdicks EF, Hijdra A, Young GB, Bassetti CL, Wiebe S. Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of N. Practice parameter: prediction of outcome in comatose survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2006;67:203–10. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000227183.21314.cd.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Friberg H, Cronberg T, Dunser MW, Duranteau J, Horn J, Oddo M. Survey on current practices for neurological prognostication after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2015;90:158–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.01.018.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rundgren M, Cronberg T, Friberg H, Isaksson A. Serum neuron specific enolase—impact of storage and measuring method. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:726. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-726.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mlynash M, Buckwalter MS, Okada A, Caulfield AF, Venkatasubramanian C, Eyngorn I, Verbeek MM, Wijman CA. Serum neuron-specific enolase levels from the same patients differ between laboratories: assessment of a prospective post-cardiac arrest cohort. Neurocrit Care. 2013;19:161–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-013-9867-5.

Article  CAS