Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Consent to publish was obtained for the case studies.

Competing interests

BB has received consultant fees from Alimera Sciences, AbbVie-Allergan, Horus Pharma, and Novartis and grants from Novartis, Bayer, AbbVie-Allergan, Optos, and Santen Pharmaceutical. AK is a consultant for Adverum, Aerpio, Allergan, 4DMT, Broadwing Bio, Chengdu Kanghong, Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center, Oculis, Genentech, Inc., Iveric Bio, Kato Pharmaceuticals, Kodiak Sciences Inc., Novartis, Nanoscope, Gemini Therapeutics, Graybug, Gyroscope, Opthea, Oxurion, PolyPhotonix, Retrotope, Recens Medical, and Regenxbio. He has received research support from Adverum, Alkahest, Allergan, Allegro, Annexon, Gemini Therapeutics, Genentech, Inc., Gyroscope, Iveric Bio, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Kodiak Sciences Inc., Novartis, Oculis, Opthea, Ophthotech, Oxurion, Regenxbio, and Recens Medical and lecture fees from Allergan, Genentech, and Novartis. RK has received research grants from Alcon, Alimera Sciences, AMO/Johnson & Johnson, Bayer, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group, Hoya, Kowa, Novartis, Oculentis/Teleon, Oculus, Physiol, Rayner, and Roche; travel expenses from Alcon, Alimera, Allergan, AMO/Johnson & Johnson, Bayer, Hoya, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Novartis, Oculentis/Teleon Surgical, Rayner Surgical Group, Roche, and SIFI; and lecture fees from Alcon, Alimera, Allergan, AMO/Johnson & Johnson, Bayer, Hoya, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Novartis, Oculentis/Teleon Surgical, Oculus, Rayner Surgical Group, Roche, and SIFI. CP has received consulting fees from AbbVie-Allergan, Alimera, Novartis, and Eyevensys and lecture fees from Alimera Sciences, AbbVie-Allergan, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novartis. QDN reports that Stanford University has received research funding from Genentech, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Santen Pharmaceutical among others; that he has chaired the steering committees for the SAKURA, LUMINA, VISUAL, and STOP-Uveitis studies, and the upcoming LINNAEA study; and that he serves on scientific advisory boards for Affibody, Genentech, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Santen Pharmaceutical.