Johnson L, Llewellyn CH, van Jaarsveld CHM, Cole TJ, Wardle J. Genetic and environmental influences on infant growth: prospective analysis of the gemini twin birth cohort. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e19918.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Christian P, Mullany LC, Hurley KM, Katz J, Black RE. Nutrition and maternal, neonatal, and child health. Semin Perinatol. 2015;39:361–72.
Szyller H, Antosz K, Batko J, Mytych A, Dziedziak M, Wrześniewska M, et al. Bioactive components of human milk and their impact on child’s health and development, literature review. Nutrients. 2024;16:1487.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Borowitz SM. First bites—Why, when, and what solid foods to feed infants. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:654171.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Białek-Dratwa A, Kowalski O, Szczepańska E. Traditional complementary feeding or BLW (Baby Led Weaning) method?—a cross-sectional study of Polish infants during complementary feeding. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:992244.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rapley G. Baby-led weaning: transitioning to solid foods at the baby’s own pace. Community Pract. 2011;84:20–23.
Black MM. Toddler development and autonomy: baby-led weaning, neophobia, and responsive parenting. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2020;95:1–11.
Fuentes Alfaro V, Leonelli Neira G, Weisstaub G. [What is currently known about the baby-led weaning method-BLW?]. Andes Pediatr. 2022;93:300–11.
D’Auria E, Bergamini M, Staiano A, Banderali G, Pendezza E, Penagini F, et al. Baby-led weaning: what a systematic review of the literature adds on. Ital J Pediatr. 2018;44:49.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Putri IA, Fadilah TF. The relationship between baby-led weaning and infant nutritional status: literature review. Atlantis Press, Paris, France; 2022. pp. 681–5.
Cheikh Ismail L, Al Dhaheri AS, Ibrahim S, Ali HI, Chokor FAZ, O’Neill LM, et al. Nutritional status and adequacy of feeding Practices in Infants and Toddlers 0-23.9 months living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2020. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:319.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
De Carvalho CA, De Almeida Fonsêca PC, Priore SE, Franceschini SDCC, De Novaes JF. Food consumption and nutritional adequacy in Brazilian children: a systematic review. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2015;33:211–21.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rowan H, Lee M, Brown A. Estimated energy and nutrient intake for infants following baby-led and traditional weaning approaches. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022;35:325–36.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kahraman A, Gümüş M, Binay YŞ, Başbakkal Z. Baby-led weaning versus traditional weaning: the assessment of nutritional status in early childhood and maternal feeding practices in Turkey. Early Child Dev Care. 2020;190:615–24.
Jones G, Steketee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA, Morris SS. How many child deaths can we prevent this year?. Lancet. 2003;362:65–71.
Breastfeeding. https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Breastfeeding. UNICEF DATA. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/breastfeeding/. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Dewey KG, Adu-Afarwuah S. Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries. In: Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): quality-assessed reviews [Internet]. UK: Centre for Reviews and Dissemination; 2008. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK76009/. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Thompson FE, Subar AF. Chapter 1—Dietary assessment methodology. In: Coulston AM, Boushey CJ, Ferruzzi MG, Delahanty LM, editors. Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of disease. 4th ed. Academic Press; 2017. pp. 5–48.
Portions and Serving Sizes. HealthyChildren.org. 2015. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/Portions-and-Serving-Sizes.aspx. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
European Food Safety Authority. Age to start complementary feeding of infants. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg; 2019. https://doi.org/10.2805/055906. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.
Samady W, Campbell E, Aktas ON, Jiang J, Bozen A, Fierstein JL, et al. Recommendations on complementary food introduction among pediatric practitioners. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e2013070.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kleinman RE. American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for complementary feeding. Pediatrics. 2000;106:1274.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
CDC. How much and how often to feed infant formula. Infant and Toddler Nutrition. 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/how-much-and-how-often.html. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
CDC. Foods and drinks for 6 to 24 month olds. Infant and Toddler Nutrition. 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/index.html. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
CDC. When, What, and How to Introduce Solid Foods. Infant and Toddler Nutrition. 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Jomaa L, Hwalla N, Chokor FAZ, Naja F, O’Neill L, Nasreddine L. Food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes of infants and young children amidst the nutrition transition: the case of Lebanon. Nutr J. 2022;21:34.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Office of Dietary Supplements—Iron. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Abrams SA, Hampton JC, Finn KL. A substantial proportion of 6- to 12-month-old infants have calculated daily absorbed iron below recommendations, especially those who are breastfed. J Pediatr. 2021;231:36–42.e2.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Raymond JL. Krause and Mahan’s Food & the Nutrition Care Pro. 1st ed. Elsevier Asia Bookstore. ISBN: 9789814920469. https://www.asia.elsevierhealth.com/krause-and-mahans-food-the-nutrition-care-process-1st-sea-edition-9789814920469.html. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Baker RD, Greer FRCommittee on Nutrition American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0–3 years of age). Pediatrics. 2010;126:1040–50.
Birth to 36 months: boys, length-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Birth to 36 months: girls, length-for-age and weight-for-age percentiles. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Atlanta, GA; 2000. https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Growth Charts. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Atlanta, GA; 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/index.htm. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Growth Charts—CDC Growth Charts. 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/cdc-growth-charts.htm. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Matzeller KL, Krebs NF, Tang M. Current evidence on nutrient intakes and infant growth: a narrative review of baby-led weaning vs. conventional weaning. Nutrients. 2024;16:2828.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Abeshu MA, Lelisa A, Geleta B. Complementary feeding: review of recommendations, feeding practices, and adequacy of homemade complementary food preparations in developing countries—lessons from Ethiopia. Front Nutr. 2016;3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2016.00041.
Brown A, Lee MD. Early influences on child satiety-responsiveness: the role of weaning style. Pediatr Obes. 2015;10:57–66.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Little EE, Legare CH, Carver LJ. Mother–infant physical contact predicts responsive feeding among U.S. breastfeeding mothers. Nutrients. 2018;10:1251.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
de Paiva CSS, Nunes LM, Bernardi JR, Moreira PR, Mariath AAS, Gomes E. Choking, gagging and complementary feeding methods in the first year of life: a randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr. 2023;99:574–81.
Martinón-Torres N, Carreira N, Picáns-Leis R, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Kalén A, Leis R. Baby-led weaning: What role does it play in obesity risk during the first years? A systematic review. Nutrients. 2021;13:1009.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Furlong KR, Anderson LN, Kang H, Lebovic G, Parkin PC, Maguire JL, et al. BMI-for-age and weight-for-length in children 0 to 2 years. Pediatrics. 2016;138:e20153809.
Casadei K, Kiel J. Anthropometric measurement. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2025. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537315/. Accessed 7 Jun 2025.
Morison BJ, Heath A-LM, Haszard JJ, Hein K, Fleming EA, Daniels L, et al. Impact of a modified version of baby-led weaning on dietary variety and food preferences in infants. Nutrients. 2018;10:1092.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Angulo SVB, Nezami BT, Martin SL, Kay MC, Richardson TN, Wasser HM. Concordance in dietary intake among caregivers and infants during the period of complementary feeding: a scoping review. Appetite. 2024;194:107178.
Oudat Q, Lee RC, Miller EL, Couch SC, Bakas T. The factors influencing feeding practices of primary caregivers of preschoolers: a theory-based cross-sectional study. Children. 2025;12:22
Comments (0)