Addington J (2003) The prodromal stage of psychotic illness: observation, detection or intervention? J Psychiatry Neurosci 28:93–97

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scazza I, Pelizza L, Azzali S, Garlassi S, Paterlini F, Chiri LR, Poletti M, Pupo S, Raballo A (2022) Aberrant salience in first-episode psychosis: longitudinal stability and treatment-response. Early Interv Psychiatry 16:912–919. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13243

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benrimoh D, Dlugunovych V, Wright AC, Phalen P, Funaro MC, Ferrara M, Powers AR 3rd, Woods SW, Guloksuz S, Yung AR, Srihari V, Shah J (2024) On the proportion of patients who experience a prodrome prior to psychosis onset: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02415-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Larson MK, Walker EF, Compton MT (2010) Early signs, diagnosis and therapeutics of the prodromal phase of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 10:1347–1359. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.10.93

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fusar-Poli P, Salazar de Pablo G, Correll CU, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Millan MJ, Borgwardt S, Galderisi S, Bechdolf A, Pfennig A, Kessing LV, van Amelsvoort T, Nieman DH, Domschke K, Krebs MO, Koutsouleris N, McGuire P, Do KQ, Arango C (2020) Prevention of psychosis: advances in detection, prognosis, and intervention. JAMA Psychiatry 77:755–765. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4779

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poletti M, Azzali S, Paterlini F, Garlassi S, Scazza I, Chiri LR, Pupo S, Raballo A, Pelizza L (2021) Familiarity for serious mental illness in help-seeking adolescents at clinical high risk of psychosis. Front Psychiatry 11:552282. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.552282

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lindhardt L, Lindhardt M, Haahr UH, Hastrup LH, Simonsen E, Nordgaard J (2021) Help-seekers in an early detection of psychosis service: the non-cases. Front Psychiatry 12:778785. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.778785

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tiller J, Maguire T, Newman-Taylor K (2023) Early intervention in psychosis services: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of barriers and facilitators to seeking access. Eur Psychiatry 66:e92. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2465

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Reneses B, Escudero A, Tur N, Agüera-Ortiz L, Moreno DM, Saiz-Ruiz J, Rey-Bruguera M, Pando MF, Bravo-Ortiz MF, Moreno A, Rey-Mejías Á, Singh SP (2023) The black hole of the transition process: dropout of care before transition age in adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:1285–1295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01939-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pelizza L, Leuci E, Quattrone E, Azzali S, Pupo S, Paulillo G, Pellegrini P, Menchetti M (2023) Short-term disengagement from early intervention service for first-episode psychosis: findings from the Parma early psychosis program. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02564-3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gerritsen SE, van Bodegom LS, Overbeek MM, Maras A, Verhulst FC, Wolke D, Rizopoulos D, de Girolamo G, Franić T, Madan J, McNicholas F, Paul M, Purper-Ouakil D, Santosh PJ, Schulze UME, Singh SP, Street C, Tremmery S, Tuomainen H, Dieleman GC, MILESTONE consortium (2022) Leaving child and adolescent mental health services in the MILESTONE cohort: a longitudinal cohort study on young people’s mental health indicators, care pathways, and outcomes in Europe. Lancet Psychiatry 9:944–956. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00310-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pelizza L, Leuci E, Quattrone E, Azzali S, Pupo S, Paulillo G, Pellegrini P, Menchetti M (2023) Rates and predictors of service disengagement in adolescents with first episode psychosis: results from the 2-year follow-up of the Pr-EP program. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02306-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ballageer T, Malla A, Manchanda R, Takhar J, Haricharan R (2005) Is adolescent-onset first-episode psychosis different from adult onset? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:782–789. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000164591.55942.ea

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hui CL, Li AW, Leung CM, Chang WC, Chan SK, Lee EH, Chen EY (2014) Comparing illness presentation, treatment and functioning between patients with adolescent- and adult-onset psychosis. Psychiatry Res 220:797–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.046

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Veru F, Jordan G, Joober R, Malla A, Iyer S (2016) Adolescent vs. adult onset of a first episode psychosis: impact on remission of positive and negative symptoms. Schizophr Res 174:183–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.035

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leuci E, Quattrone E, Pellegrini P, Pelizza L (2020) The Parma-early psychosis program: general description and process analysis after 5 years of clinical activity. Early Interv Psychiatry 14:356–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12897

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, 5th Edition. APA Publishing, Washington DC

Kamens S, Davidson L, Hyun E, Jones N, Morawski J, Kurtz M, Pollard J, van Schalkwyk GI, Srihari V (2018) The duration of untreated psychosis: a phenomenological study. Psychosis 10:307–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2018.1524924

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Woods SW, Yung AR, McGorry PD, McGlashan TH (2020) Duration of untreated psychosis: getting both the timing and the sample right. Am J Psychiatry 177:1183. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20040389

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poletti M, Pelizza L, Loas G, Azzali S, Paterlini F, Garlassi S, Scazza I, Chiri LR, Pupo S, Raballo A (2023) Anhedonia and suicidal ideation in young people with early psychosis: further findings from the 2-year follow-up of the rearms program. Psychiatry Res 323:115177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115177

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poletti M, Gebhardt E, Pelizza L, Preti A, Raballo A (2020) Looking at intergenerational risk factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: new frontiers for early vulnerability identification? Front Psychiatry 11:566683. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566683

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pelizza L, Paterlini F, Azzali S, Garlassi S, Scazza I, Pupo S, Simmons M, Nelson B, Raballo A (2019) The approved Italian version of the comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental states (CAARMS-ITA): field test and psychometric features. Early Interv Psychiatry 13:810–817. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12669

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

First MB, Williams JBW, Karg RS, Spitzer RL (2017) SCID-5-CV: intervista clinica strutturata per i disturbi Del DSM-5, versione per Il clinico. Raffaello Cortina Editore, Milano

Google Scholar 

Wing JK, Beevor AS, Curtis RH, Park SB, Hadden S, Burns A (1998) Health of the Nation outcome scales (HoNOS): research and development. Br J Psychiatry 172:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.1.11

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Catalan A, Tognin S, Kempton MJ, Stahl D, Salazar de Pablo G, Nelson B, Pantelis C, Riecher-Rössler A, Bressan R, Barrantes-Vidal N, Krebs MO, Nordentoft M, Ruhrmann S, Sachs G, Rutten BPF, van Os J, de Haan L, van der Gaag M, EU-GEI High Risk Study, Valmaggia LR, McGuire P (2022) Relationship between jumping to conclusions and clinical outcomes in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 52:1569–1577. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720003396

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Penno SJ, Hamilton B, Petrakis M (2017) Early intervention in psychosis: health of the Nation outcome scales (HoNOS) outcomes from a five-year prospective study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 31:553–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2017.07.003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wing J, Curtis RH, Beevor A (1999) Health of the nation outcome scales (HoNOS): glossary for HoNOS score sheet. Br J Psychiatry 174:432–434. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.5.432

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management (2014) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London

Regione Emilia-Romagna (RER) (2024) Linee Di indirizzo per La salute e Il Benessere Delle persone Con psicosi all’esordio e Con Stati mentali a Rischio. Centro Stampa della Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna

Google Scholar 

Lian L, Kim DD, Procyshyn RM, Cázares D, Honer WG, Barr AM (2022) Long-acting injectable antipsychotics for early psychosis: a comprehensive systematic review. PLoS ONE 17:e0267808. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267808

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pelizza L, Leuci E, Quattrone E, Azzali S, Paulillo G, Pupo S, Poletti M, Raballo A, Pellegrini P, Menchetti M (2024) Baseline antipsychotic prescription and short-term outcome indicators in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: findings from the Parma At-Risk mental States (PARMS) program. Early Interv Psychiatry 18:71–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13434