Wirth LJ, Sherman E, Robinson B, Solomon B, Kang H, Lorch J, et al. Efficacy of Selpercatinib in RET -Altered thyroid cancers. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(9):825–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gilliland FD, Hunt WC, Morris DM, Key CR. Prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 1997;79(3):564–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Drilon A, Hu ZI, Lai GGY, Tan DSW. Targeting RET-driven cancers: lessons from evolving preclinical and clinical landscapes. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018;15(3):151–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ancker OV, Krüger M, Wehland M, Infanger M, Grimm D. Multikinase inhibitor treatment in thyroid cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(1):1–19.

Google Scholar 

Cabanillas ME, Habra MA. Lenvatinib: role in thyroid cancer and other solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev. 2016;42:47–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jager EC, Broekman KE, Kruijff S, Links TP. State of the Art and future directions in the systemic treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 2022;34(1):1–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schlumberger M, Elisei R, Müller S, Schöffski P, Brose M, Shah M, et al. Overall survival analysis of EXAM, a phase III trial of Cabozantinib in patients with radiographically progressive medullary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(11):2813–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wells SA, Robinson BG, Gagel RF, Dralle H, Fagin JA, Santoro M, et al. Vandetanib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: A randomized, Double-Blind phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(2):134–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Subbiah V, Hu MI, Wirth LJ, Schuler M, Mansfield AS, Curigliano G, et al. Pralsetinib for patients with advanced or metastatic RET-altered thyroid cancer (ARROW): a multi-cohort, open-label, registrational, phase 1/2 study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;2(21):1–11.

Google Scholar 

Gild ML, Tsang VHM, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Robinson BG. Multikinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer: timing of targeted therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(4):225–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kushchayev SV, Kushchayeva YS, Tella SH, Glushko T, Pacak K, Teytelboym OM. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Update on Imaging. J Thyroid Res. 2019;2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1893047

Ong SC, Schöder H, Patel SG, Tabangay-Lim IM, Doddamane I, Gönen M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET in restaging patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and elevated calcitonin levels. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(4):501–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verbeek HHG, Plukker JTM, Koopmans KP, De Groot JWB, Hofstra RMW, Muller Kobold AC, et al. Clinical relevance of18F-FDG PET and18F-DOPA PET in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(12):1863–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marzola MC, Pelizzo MR, Ferdeghini M, Toniato A, Massaro A, Ambrosini V, et al. Dual PET/CT with 18F-DOPA and 18F-FDG in metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma and rapidly increasing calcitonin levels: comparison with conventional imaging. Eur J Surg Oncol (EJSO). 2010;36(4):414–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park S, Parihar AS, Bodei L, Hope TA, Mallak N, Millo C, et al. Somatostatin receptor imaging and theranostics: current practice and future prospects. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(10):1323–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Treglia G, Tamburello A, Giovanella L. Detection rate of somatostatin receptor PET in patients with recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. 2017.

Conry BG, Papathanasiou ND, Prakash V, Kayani I, Caplin M, Mahmood S, et al. Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the detection of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(1):49–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pajak C, Cadili L, Nabata K, Wiseman SM. 68Ga-DOTATATE-PET shows promise for diagnosis of recurrent or persistent medullary thyroid cancer: A systematic review. Am J Surg. 2022;224(2):670–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan DLH, Pavlakis N, Schembri GP, Bernard EJ, Hsiao E, Hayes A, et al. Dual somatostatin receptor/fdg PET/CT imaging in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours: proposal for a novel grading scheme with prognostic significance. Theranostics. 2017;7(5):1149–58.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Binderup T, Knigge U, Johnbeck CB, Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Oturai P, et al. 18F-FDG PET is superior to WHO grading as a prognostic tool in neuroendocrine neoplasms and useful in guiding PRRT: A prospective 10-Year Follow-up study. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(6):808–15.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jozaghi Y, Zafereo M, Williams MD, Gule-Monroe MK, Wang J, Grubbs EG, et al. Neoadjuvant Selpercatinib for advanced medullary thyroid cancer. Head Neck. 2021;43(1):E7–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Werner RA, Schmid JS, Higuchi T, Javadi MS, Rowe SP, Märkl B, et al. Predictive value of 18 F-FDG PET in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma treated with Vandetanib. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(5):756–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Werner RA, Bundschuh RA, Higuchi T, Javadi MS, Rowe SP, Zsótér N, et al. Volumetric and texture analysis of pretherapeutic 18 F-FDG PET can predict overall survival in medullary thyroid cancer patients treated with Vandetanib. Endocrine. 2019;63(2):293–300.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carr LL, Mankoff DA, Goulart BH, Eaton KD, Capell PT, Kell EM, et al. Phase II study of daily Sunitinib in FDG-PET-positive, iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with functional imaging correlation. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(21):5260–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Srirajaskanthan R, Kayani I, Quigley AM, Soh J, Caplin ME, Bomanji J. The role of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET in patients with neuroendocrine tumors and negative or equivocal findings on 111In-DTPA-octreotide scintigraphy. J Nucl Med. 2010;51(6):875–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gild ML, Kumar S, Fuchs TL, Glover A, Sidhu S, Sywak M, et al. The clinical utility of Gallium-68-DOTATATE positron emission tomography scanning in medullary thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pract. 2024;30(3):218–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asa S, Sonmezoglu K, Uslu-Besli L, Sahin OE, Karayel E, Pehlivanoglu H, et al. Evaluation of F-18 DOPA PET/CT in the detection of recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with GA-68 DOTA-TATE PET/CT. Ann Nucl Med. 2021;35(8):900–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tuncel M, Kılıçkap S, Süslü N. Clinical impact of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT imaging in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. Ann Nucl Med. 2020;34(9):663–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tran K, Khan S, Taghizadehasl M, Palazzo F, Frilling A, Todd JF, et al. Gallium-68 dotatate PET/CT is superior to other imaging modalities in the detection of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in the presence of high serum calcitonin. Hell J Nucl Med. 2015;18(1):19–24.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ozkan ZG, Kuyumcu S, Uzum AK, Gecer MF, Ozel S, Aral F, et al. Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT, 18F-FDG PET-CT and 99mTc-(V)DMSA scintigraphy in the detection of recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun. 2015;36(3):242–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Castroneves LA, Filho GC, De Freitas RMC, Salles R, Moyses RA, Lopez RVM, et al. Comparison of 68Ga PET/CT to other imaging studies in medullary thyroid cancer: superiority in detecting bone metastases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(9):3250–9.

Article