Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA A Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49.

Article  Google Scholar 

Feng R-M, Zong Y-N, Cao S-M, Xu R-H. Current cancer situation in China: good or bad news from the 2018 global cancer statistics? Cancer Commun. 2019;39:22.

Article  Google Scholar 

Planchard D, Popat S, Kerr K, Novello S, Smit EF, Faivre-Finn C, et al. Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:iv192-237.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Koning HJ, van der Aalst CM, de Jong PA, Scholten ET, Nackaerts K, Heuvelmans MA, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with volume CT screening in a randomized trial. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:503–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trimothy C, William BC, Denise RA, Christine DB, Kathy LC, Fenghai D, et al. Results of initial low-dose computed tomographic screening for lung cancer. New Eng J Med. 2013;368:1980.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hofman P. Liquid biopsy for lung cancer screening: usefulness of circulating tumor cells and other circulating blood biomarkers. Cancer Cytopathol. 2021;129:341–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qvick A, Stenmark B, Carlsson J, Isaksson J, Karlsson C, Helenius G. Liquid biopsy as an option for predictive testing and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Mol Med. 2021;27:68.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Di Capua D, Bracken-Clarke D, Ronan K, Baird A-M, Finn S. The liquid biopsy for lung cancer: state of the art, limitations and future developments. Cancers. 2021;13:3923.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Freitas C, Sousa C, Machado F, Serino M, Santos V, Cruz-Martins N, et al. The role of liquid biopsy in early diagnosis of lung cancer. Front Oncol. 2021;11: 634316.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kalluri R. EMT: when epithelial cells decide to become mesenchymal-like cells. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:1417–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Platel V, Faure S, Corre I, Clere N. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT): roles in tumorigenesis, metastatic extravasation and therapy resistance. J Oncol. 2019;2019:8361945.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shi J, Zhao C, Shen M, Chen Z, Liu J, Zhang S, et al. Combination of microfluidic chips and biosensing for the enrichment of circulating tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron. 2022;202: 114025.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Myung JH, Hong S. Microfluidic devices to enrich and isolate circulating tumor cells. Lab Chip. 2015;15:4500–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Grover PK, Cummins AG, Price TJ, Roberts-Thomson IC, Hardingham JE. Circulating tumour cells: the evolving concept and the inadequacy of their enrichment by EpCAM-based methodology for basic and clinical cancer research. Ann Oncol. 2014;25:1506–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Zhou F, Li X, Yang G, Zhang L, Ren S, et al. Folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cell detected by LT-PCR-based method as a diagnostic biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2015;10:1163–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, Liao Y, Ran Y, Wang G, Wu W, Qiu Y, et al. Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of CanPatrol technology for detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med. 2020;20:274.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mikolajczyk SD, Millar LS, Tsinberg P, Coutts SM, Zomorrodi M, Pham T, et al. Detection of EpCAM-negative and cytokeratin-negative circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood. J Oncol. 2011;2011: 252361.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Su Z, Wang Z, Ni X, Duan J, Gao Y, Zhuo M, et al. Inferring the evolution and progression of small-cell lung cancer by single-cell sequencing of circulating tumor cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25:5049–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin PP. Aneuploid circulating tumor-derived endothelial cell (CTEC): a novel versatile player in tumor neovascularization and cancer metastasis. Cells. 2020;9:1539.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aucamp J, Bronkhorst AJ, Badenhorst CPS, Pretorius PJ. The diverse origins of circulating cell-free DNA in the human body: a critical re-evaluation of the literature. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2018;93:1649–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adalsteinsson VA, Ha G, Freeman SS, Choudhury AD, Stover DG, Parsons HA, et al. Scalable whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA reveals high concordance with metastatic tumors. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1324.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jordan EJ, Kim HR, Arcila ME, Barron D, Chakravarty D, Gao J, et al. Prospective comprehensive molecular characterization of lung adenocarcinomas for efficient patient matching to approved and emerging therapies. Cancer Discov. 2017;7:596–609.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goldberg SB, Narayan A, Kole AJ, Decker RH, Teysir J, Carriero NJ, et al. Early assessment of lung cancer immunotherapy response via circulating tumor DNA. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24:1872–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

US Food FDA and Drug Administration. Premarket approval P150044 Cobas EGFR MUTATION TEST V2. 2018. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/ cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P150044

Lindeman NI, Cagle PT, Aisner DL, Arcila ME, Beasley MB, Bernicker EH, et al. Updated molecular testing guideline for the selection of lung cancer patients for treatment with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors: guideline from the college of American pathologists, the international association for the study of lung cancer, and the association for molecular pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018;142:321–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang Z, Qi W, Sun L, Zhou H, Zhou B, Hu Y. DNA methylation analysis of selected genes for the detectionof early-stage lung cancer using circulating cell-free DNA. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018;28:355–60.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang C, Yu W, Wang L, Zhao M, Guo Q, Lv S, et al. DNA methylation analysis of the SHOX2 and RASSF1A panel in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for lung cancer diagnosis. J Cancer. 2017;8:3585–91.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ponomaryova AA, Rykova EY, Cherdyntseva NV, Skvortsova TE, Dobrodeev AY, Zavyalov AA, et al. Potentialities of aberrantly methylated circulating DNA for diagnostics and post-treatment follow-up of lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer. 2013;81:397–403.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moding EJ, Liu Y, Nabet BY, Chabon JJ, Chaudhuri AA, Hui AB, et al. Circulating tumor DNA dynamics predict benefit from consolidation immunotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Cancer. 2020;1:176–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chae YK, Oh MS. Detection of minimal residual disease using ctDNA in lung cancer: current evidence and future directions. J Thorac Oncol. 2019;14:16–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wan R, Wang Z, Lee JJ, Wang S, Li Q, Tang F, et al. Comprehensive analysis of the discordance of EGFR mutation status between tumor tissues and matched circulating tumor DNA in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12:1376–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen M, Zhao H. Next-generation sequencing in liquid biopsy: cancer screening and early detection. Hum Genom. 2019;13:34.

Article  Google Scholar 

Xie J, Ruan Z, Zheng J, Gong Y, Wang Y, Hu B, et al. Detection of circulating rare cells benefitted the diagnosis of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2022;148:2681–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

García-Pardo M, Czarnecka-Kujawa K, Law JH, Salvarrey AM, Fernandes R, Fan ZJ, et al. Association of circulating tumor DNA testing before tissue diagnosis with time to treatment among patients with suspected advanced lung cancer: the accelerate nonrandomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6: e2325332.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Palmero R, Taus A, Viteri S, Majem M, Carcereny E, Garde-Noguera J, et al. Biomarker discovery and outcomes for comprehensive cell-free circulating tumor DNA versus standard-of-care tissue testing in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. JCO Precis Oncol. 2021;5:93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuang PP, Li N, Liu Z, Sun TY, Wang SQ, Hu J, Ou W, Wang SY, et al. Circulating tumor DNA analyses as a potential marker of recurrence and effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected non-small-cell lung cancer. Front Oncol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.595650.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fernandes MGO, Cruz-Martins N, Souto Moura C, Guimarães S, Pereira Reis J, Justino A, et al. Clinical application of next-generation sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA for genotyping untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancers. 2021;13:2707.

Article