We thank all THAOS patients and investigators for their important contributions to this study. We thank Mary Bachinsky of Pfizer for her clinical support of the THAOS registry. We thank Franca Stedile Angeli for her former contributions to management of the THAOS registry. Additional THAOS investigators contributing to this analysis: Eve Cariou, CHU de Toulouse—Hopital Rangueil, Toulouse, France; Jose Gonzalez Costello, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Martha Grogan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Arnt V Kristen, Medical University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; David Slosky, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Edileide de Barros Correia, Instituto Dante Pazzanese De Cardiologia, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Juan Gonzalez Moreno, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Marco Luigetti, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli—Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Marcia Waddington-Cruz, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho—HU, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Isabel Conceicao, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal; Michele Emden, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Per La Ricerca Medica E Di Sanita Pubblica (Ftgm), Pisa, Italy; Darae Kim, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Miriam Freimer, The Ohio University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Alberta Warner, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Pablo Garcia Pavia, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; Dianna Quan, UC Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Igor Diemberger, Comitato Etico Indipendente dell Azienda, Bologna, Italy; Hans Nienhuis, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Edward Miller, Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven, New Haven, CT, USA; Daniel Lenihan, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Michael Praktiknjo, Universitatsklinikum Muenster—Transplant Hepatology, Münster, Germany; Cheng Yin Tan, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dania Mohty, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Sasa Zivkovic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Firas Al Badarin, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Ivailo Tournev, Alexandrovska University Hospital Clinic of Neurology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Violaine Plante-Bordeneuve, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Amir Dori, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Mitsuharu Ueda, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Maria Alejandra Gonzalez Duarte Briseno, Instituto Nacional de Ciencia Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico; Christopher Mueller, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Nowell Fine, University of Alberta Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada; Robert Brunkhorst, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; David Adams, CHU de Bicetre, Cedex, France; Olga Azevedo, Centro Hospitalar Do Alto Ave, Epe, Guimaraes, Portugal; Chi-Chao Chao, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Jose Nativi Nicolau, The University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Jose Tallaj, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Roberto Fernandéz Torrón, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia—SanSebastian, Spain; Jocelyn Inamo, Chu De Fort De France, Fort de France, France; Sorina Badelita, Institutul De Cardiologie Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu Spitalului Fundeni, Bucuresti, Romania; Michael Polydefkis, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA; Nitasha Sarswat, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; James Tauras, Montefiore Medical Center-Jack D. Weiler Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA; Teresa Coelho, Unidade Corino Andrade, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal; Valeria Lujan Salutto, Instituto De Investigaciones Medicas Dr Alfredo Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Diego Delgado, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Carsten Tschoepe, Charite Campus Rudolf-Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; Francisco Munoz Beamud, Hospital Juan Ramon Jimenez, Huelva, Spain; Calogero Lino Cirami, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Careggi, Firenze, Italy; Stephen Gottlieb, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Brian Drachman, University of Pennsylvania—Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Hector Ventura, John Ochsner Heart & Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Medical writing support was provided by Emily Balevich, PhD, of Engage Scientific Solutions and was funded by Pfizer.