Impact of G protein-coupled receptor conformation on signaling bias: Integrating simulations and biophysical experiments

5-HT1AR/5-HT1BR/5-HT2AR/5-HT2BR

serotonin receptors type 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B

A2AR

adenosine receptor type 2A

ACKR3

atypical chemokine receptor type 3

aMD

accelerated molecular dynamics

AT1R

angiotensin II receptor type 1

AWH

accelerated weighted histogram

BAM

biased allosteric modulator

cAMP

3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CB1/2R

cannabinoid receptor type 1/2

CG-MD

coarse-grained molecular dynamics

CNS

central nervous system

cryo-EM

cryogenic electron microscopy

CVs

collective variable(s)

CXCR4

CXC chemokine receptor type 4

DEER

double electron-electron resonance

EBP

extended binding pocket (for 5-HT2AR)

ECL1/2/3

first/s/third extracellular loop

EGFR

epidermal growth factor receptor

EPR

electron paramagnetic resonance

ERK

extracellular signal-regulated kinase

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

(sm)FRET

single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer

GaMD

Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics

GEF

guanine exchange factor

GIRK

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels

GPCR

G protein-coupled receptor

GRK

G protein-coupled receptor kinase

HDX-MS

hydrogen‑deuterium exchange mass spectrometry

HMQC

heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence

HRFMS

hydroxyl radical mediated protein foot-printing with mass spectrometry

HSQC

heteronuclear single quantum coherence

ICL1/2/3

first/s/third intracellular loop

IP3

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

M2R

muscarine receptor type 2

MAPK

mitogen-activated protein kinase

mtfF

3′-trifluoromethyl-phenylalanine

MTSLs

methanethiosulfonate spin labels

NAM

negative allosteric modulator

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance

PAM

positive allosteric modulator

PCVs

path collective variables

PCV-MetaD

metadynamics performed with path collective variables

PROXYL

2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy

PTM

post-translational modification

REMD

replica-exchange molecular dynamics

RMSD

root mean square deviation

TET

2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol

TROSY

transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy

tβ1AR

turkey β1 adrenergic receptor

V2R

arginine-vasopressine receptor type 2

β1/2AR

adrenergic receptor type β1/2

δOR

delta opioid receptor

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