Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229–63. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21834.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jessmon P, Boulanger T, Zhou W, Patwardhan P. Epidemiology and treatment patterns of epithelial ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2017;17(5):427–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2017.1299575.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Armstrong DK, Alvarez RD, Backes FJ, et al. NCCN guidelines® insights: ovarian cancer, version 3.2022. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20(9):972–80. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2022.0047.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang L, Xie HJ, Li YY, Wang X, Liu XX, Mai J. Molecular mechanisms of platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8293.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Colombo N, Sessa C, Du Bois A, et al. ESMO-ESGO consensus conference recommendations on ovarian cancer: Pathology and molecular biology, early and advanced stages, borderline tumours and recurrent disease. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(5):672–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz062.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berek JS, Hacker NF. Berek & Hacker’s Gynecologic Oncology Seventh Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2020.

O’Donnell JS, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Teng MWL, Smyth MJ. Resistance to PD1/PDL1 checkpoint inhibition. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;52:71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.007.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shiravand Y, Khodadadi F, Kashani SMA, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Curr Oncol. 2022;29(5):3044–60. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29050247.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hamanishi J, Mandai M, Ikeda T, et al. Safety and antitumor activity of Anti-PD-1 antibody, nivolumab, in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(34):4015–22. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.62.3397.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee EK, Xiong N, Cheng SC, Barry WT, Penson RT, Konstantinopoulos PA, Hoffman MA, Horowitz N, Dizon DS, Stover EH, Wright AA, Campos SM, Krasner C, Morrissey S, Whalen C, Quinn R, Matulonis UA, Liu JF. Combined pembrolizumab and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in platinum resistant ovarian cancer: a phase 2 clinical trial. Gynecol Oncol. 2020;159(1):72–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.07.028.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moroney JW, Powderly J, Lieu CH, Bendell JC, Eckhardt SG, Chang CW, Molinero L, Spahn J, Williams P, Lin YG, Hodi FS. Safety and clinical activity of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with ovarian cancer: a phase Ib study. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26(21):5631–7. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-0477.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zamarin D, Walderich S, Holland A, Zhou Q, Iasonos AE, Torrisi JM, Merghoub T, Chesebrough LF, Mcdonnell AS, Gallagher JM, Li Y, Hollmann TJ, Grisham RN, Erskine CL, Block MS, Knutson KL, O’Cearbhaill RE, Aghajanian C, Konner JA. Safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of durvalumab in combination with folate receptor alpha vaccine TPIV200 in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a phase II trial. J Immunother Cancer. 2020;8(1):e000829. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000829.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

O’Cearbhaill RE, Wolfer A, Disilvestro P. A phase I/II study of chemo-immunotherapy with durvalumab (durva) and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PROC). Ann Oncol. 2017;145(2):393–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.01.031.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hamanishi J, Takeshima N, Katsumata N, Ushijima K, Kimura T, Takeuchi S, Matsumoto K, Ito K, Mandai M, Nakai H, Sakuragi N, Watari H, Takahashi N, Kato H, Hasegawa K, Yonemori K, Mizuno M, Takehara K, Niikura H, Sawasaki T, Nakao S, Saito T, Enomoto T, Nagase S, Suzuki N, Matsumoto T, Kondo E, Sonoda K, Aihara S, Aoki Y, Okamoto A, Takano H, Kobayashi H, Kato H, Terai Y, Takazawa A, Takahashi Y, Namba Y, Aoki D, Fujiwara K, Sugiyama T, Konishi I. Nivolumab versus gemcitabine or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: open-label, randomized trial in Japan (NINJA). J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(33):3671–81. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.00334.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Normann MC, Türzer M, Diep LM, Oldenburg J, Gajdzik B, Solheim O, Rud E. Early experiences with PD-1 inhibitor treatment of platinum resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. J Gynecol Oncol. 2019;30(4):e56. https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e56.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pujade-Lauraine E, Fujiwara K, Ledermann JA, Oza AM, Kristeleit R, Ray-Coquard IL, Richardson GE, Sessa C, Yonemori K, Banerjee S, Leary A, Tinker AV, Jung KH, Madry R, Park SY, Anderson CK, Zohren F, Stewart RA, Wei C, Dychter SS, Monk BJ. Avelumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer (JAVELIN Ovarian 200): an open-label, three-arm, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(7):1034–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00216-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu JF, Herold C, Gray KP, Penson RT, Horowitz N, Konstantinopoulos PA, Castro CM, Hill SJ, Curtis J, Luo W, Matulonis UA, Cannistra SA, Dizon DS. Assessment of combined nivolumab and bevacizumab in relapsed ovarian cancer: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5(12):1731–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3343.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Konstantinopoulos PA, Waggoner S, Vidal GA, Mita M, Moroney JW, Holloway R, Van Le L, Sachdev JC, Chapman-Davis E, Colon-Otero G, Penson RT, Matulonis UA, Kim YB, Moore KN, Swisher EM, Färkkilä A, D’Andrea A, Stringer-Reasor E, Wang J, Buerstatte N, Arora S, Graham JR, Bobilev D, Dezube BJ, Munster P. Single-arm phases 1 and 2 trial of niraparib in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian carcinoma. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5(8):1141–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1048.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen S, Zhang Z, Zheng X, et al. Response efficacy of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2021;11:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.562315.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhu J, Yan L, Wang Q. Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer: a single-arm meta-analysis. J Ovarian Res. 2021;14(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-021-00862-5.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Matulonis UA, Shapira-Frommer R, Santin AD, Lisyanskaya AS, Pignata S, Vergote I, Raspagliesi F, Sonke GS, Birrer M, Provencher DM, et al. Antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer: results from the phase II KEYNOTE-100 study. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:1080–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz135.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Muggia FM, Hainsworth JD, Jeffers S, et al. Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin in refractory ovarian cancer: antitumor activity and toxicity modification by liposomal encapsulation. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1997;15(3):987–93. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.3.987.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Venkatesh V, Morris MG, Davis GB, Davis FD. User acceptance of information: towar a unified view. MIS Q. 2003;27(3):425–78.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gordon AN, Tonda M, Sun S, Rackoff W. Long-term survival advantage for women treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin compared with topotecan in a phase 3 randomized study of recurrent and refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;95(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.07.011a.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramakrishnan S, Subramanian IV, Yokoyama Y, Geller M. Angiogenesis in normal and neoplastic ovaries. Angiogenesis. 2005;8(2):169–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-005-9001-1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lan C-Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, et al. Apatinib combined with oral etoposide in patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer (AEROC): a phase 2, single-arm, prospective study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(9):1239–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30349-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chase DM, Chaplin DJ, Monk BJ. The development and use of vascular targeted therapy in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;145(2):393–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.01.031.

Article  CAS  PubMed