Anzengruber F, Czernielewski J, Conrad C et al (2017) Swiss S1 guideline for the treatment of rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 31:1775–1791. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14349

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Two AM, Wu W, Gallo RL, Hata TR (2015) Rosacea: part I. Introduction, categorization, histology, pathogenesis, and risk factors. J Am Acad Dermatol 72:749–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.08.028

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hampton PJ, Berth-Jones J, Duarte Williamson CE et al (2021) British association of dermatologists guidelines for the management of rosacea 2021. Br J Dermatol 185:725–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.20485

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gether L, Overgaard LK, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP (2018) Incidence and prevalence of rosacea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 179:282–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.16481

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gallo RL, Granstein RD, Kang S et al (2018) Standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea: 2017 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. J Am Acad Dermatol 78:148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.08.037

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ross EV, Childs J (2015) Role of beam spot size in heating targets at depth. J Drugs Dermatol 14:1437–1442

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ko HS, Suh YJ, Byun JW, Choi GS, Shin J (2017) Pulsed dye laser treatment combined with oral minocycline reduces recurrence rate of rosacea. Ann Dermatol 29:543–547. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2017.29.5.543

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Seok J, Choi SY, Li K, Kim BJ, Kim MN, Hong CK (2016) Recalcitrant steroid-induced rosacea successfully treated with 0.03% tacrolimus and 595-nm pulsed dye laser. Eur J Dermatol 26:312–314. https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2016.2757

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kwon WJ, Park BW, Cho EB, Park EJ, Kim KH, Kim KJ (2018) Comparison of efficacy between long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser and pulsed dye laser to treat rosacea-associated nasal telangiectasia. J Cosmet Laser Ther 20:260–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/14764172.2017.1418510

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tan J, Liu H, Leyden JJ et al (2014) Reliability of the CEA grading scale. J Am Acad Dermatol 71:760–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.044

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao L, You C, Chen H et al (2020) Retrospective study of factors affecting the efficacy of dye-pulsed light therapy for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 10:1273–1283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-020-00440-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tan J, Leoni M (2015) Erythema of rosacea: validation of patient’s self-assessment grading scale. J Drugs Dermatol 14(8):841–844

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hopkinson D, Tuchayi S, Alinia H et al (2015) Assessment of rosacea severity: a review of the evaluation methods used in clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 73:138–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.02.1121

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adamič M, Pavlović MD, Troilius Rubin A et al (2015) Guidelines of care for vascular lasers and intense pulse light sources from the European Society for Laser Dermatology. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 29:1661–1678. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13177

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Husein-ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M (2021) Laser- and light-based therapies in the management of rosacea: an updated systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 36:1151–1160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03200-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baek JO, Hur H, Ryu HR et al (2017) Treatment of ETR with fractionation using a high-fluence, long-pulsed 595-nm pulsed dye laser. J Cosmet Dermatol 16:12–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12284

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bernstein EF, Kligman A (2008) Rosacea treatment using the new-generation, high-energy, 595 Nm, long pulse-duration pulsed-dye laser. Lasers Surg Med 40:233–239. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20621

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ash C, Dubec M, Donne K, Bashford T (2017) Effect of wavelength and beam width on penetration in light-tissue interaction using computational methods. Lasers Med Sci 32:1909–1918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2317-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keijzer M, Pickering JW, van Gemert MJ (1991) Laser beam diameter for port-wine staining. Lasers Surg Med 11:601–605. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.1900110616

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bernstein EF, Schomacker K, Paranjape A et al (2018) Pulsed-dye laser treatment of rosacea using a novel 15 mm diameter treatment beam. Lasers Surg Med 50:808–812. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22819

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rohrer TE, Chatrath V, Iyengar V (2004) Does pulse stacking improve the results of treatment with variable-pulse pulsed dye lasers? Dermatol Surg 30:163–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30059.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar