Tsang A, Von Korff M, Lee S, Alonso J, Karam E, Angermeyer MC, Borges GL, Bromet EJ, Demytteneare K, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Gureje O, Lepine JP, Haro JM, Levinson D, Oakley Browne MA, Posada-Villa J, Seedat S, Watanabe M. Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders. J Pain. 2008;9(10):883–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.05.005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Neville A, Peleg R, Singer Y, Sherf M, Shvartzman P. Chronic Pain: a population-based study. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10:676–80 (PMID:19009944).

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Unruh AM. Gender variations in clinical pain experience. Pain. 1996;65(2–3):123–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(95)00214-6. (PMID: 8826503).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hornung RS, Raut NG, Cantu DJ, Lockhart LM, Averitt DL. Sigma-1 receptors and progesterone metabolizing enzymes in nociceptive sensory neurons of the female rat trigeminal ganglia: a neural substrate for the antinociceptive actions of progesterone. Mol Pain. 2022;18:17448069211069256. https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069211069255.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hilgenberg PB, Cunha CO, Mendonça LM, Conti PCR. Dor orofacial odontogênica e a importância do diagnóstico diferencial. Relato de caso Rev Dor. 2010;11(2):169–72.

Google Scholar 

Ferneini EM. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;79(10):2171–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2021.07.008. (PMID: 34620421).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oliveira LK, Almeida Gde A, Lelis ÉR, Tavares M, Fernandes Neto AJ. Temporomandibular disorder and anxiety, quality of sleep, and quality of life in nursing professionals. Braz Oral Res. 2015;29:S1806-83242015000100270. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015. (PMID: 26039910).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Demyttenaere K, Bruffaerts R, Lee S, Posada-Villa J, Kovess V, Angermeyer MC, Levinson D, de Girolamo G, Nakane H, Mneimneh Z, Lara C, de Graaf R, Scott KM, Gureje O, Stein DJ, Haro JM, Bromet EJ, Kessler RC, Alonso J, Von Korff M. Mental disorders among persons with chronic back or neck pain: results from the World Mental Health Surveys. Pain. 2007;129(3):332–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.022. (Epub 2007 Mar 9 PMID: 17350169).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Chao Y, Wan Q, Zhu Z. The possible role of estrogen in the incidence of temporomandibular disorders. Med Hypotheses. 2008;71:564–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.011. (Epub 2008 Jul 1 PMID: 18597950).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Albertin A, Kerppers II, Amorim CF, Costa RV, Ferrari Correa JC, Oliveira CS. The effect of manual therapy on masseter muscle pain and spasm. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 2010;50(2):107–12 (PMID: 20405786).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gomes NC, Berni-Schwarzenbeck KC, Packer AC, Rodrigues-Bigaton D. Effect of cathodal high-voltage electrical stimulation on pain in women with TMD. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2012;16(1):10–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou FH, Zhao HY. Acupuncture and ultrasound therapy for temporomandibular disorders. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 2004;24(6):720–1 (Chinese PMID: 15201103).

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodrigues D, Siriani AO, Bérzin F. Effect of conventional TENS on pain and electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in TMD patients. Braz Oral Res. 2004;18(4):290–5. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000400003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Romero-Reyes M, Uyanik JM. Orofacial pain management: current perspectives. J Pain Res. 2014;21(7):99–115. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S37593.

Article  Google Scholar 

LeResche L, Saunders K, Von Korff MR, Barlow W, Dworkin SF. Use of exogenous hormones and risk of temporomandibular disorder pain. Pain. 1997;69(1–2):153–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03230-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Figueroba SR, Franco GC, Omar NF, Groppo MF, Groppo FC. Dependence of cytokine levels on the sex of experimental animals: a pilot study on the effect of oestrogen in the temporomandibular joint synovial tissues. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(11):1368–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.06.025. (Epub 2015 Jul 17 PMID: 26194775).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abdrabuh A, Baljon K, Alyami Y. Impact of estrogen therapy on temporomandibular joints of rats: Histological and hormone analytical study. Saudi Dent J. 2021;33(7):608–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.07.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berger M, Szalewski L, Bakalczuk M, Bakalczuk G, Bakalczuk S, Szkutnik J. Association between estrogen levels and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic literature review. Prz Menopauzalny. 2015;14(4):260–70. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2015.56538.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fejes-Szabó A, Spekker E, Tar L, Nagy-Grócz G, Bohár Z, Laborc KF, Vécsei L, Párdutz Á. Chronic 17β-estradiol pretreatment has pronociceptive effect on behavioral and morphological changes induced by orofacial formalin in ovariectomized rats. J Pain Res. 2018;25(11):2011–21. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S165969.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bagis B, Ayaz EA, Turgut S, Durkan R, Özcan M. Gender difference in prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders: a retrospective study on 243 consecutive patients. Int J Med Sci. 2012;9(7):539–44. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.4474.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lora VR, Canales Gde L, Gonçalves LM, Meloto CB, Barbosa CM. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in postmenopausal women and relationship with pain and HRT. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30(1):e100. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0100. (PMID: 27556676).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nekora-Azak A, Evlioglu G, Ceyhan A, Keskin H, Berkman S, Issever H. Estrogen replacement therapy among postmenopausal women and its effects on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Cranio. 2008;26(3):211–5. https://doi.org/10.1179/crn.2008.028. (PMID: 18686498).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hatch JP, Rugh JD, Sakai S, Saunders MJ. Is use of exogenous estrogen associated with temporomandibular signs and symptoms? J Am Dent Assoc. 2001;132(3):319–26. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0174. (PMID: 11258088).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harding AT, Heaton NS. The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(4):909. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040909.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zwiri A, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Ahmad W, WMA, Ahmed Asif J, Khoo SP, Husein A, Ab-Ghani Z, Kassim NK. Biomarkers for temporomandibular disorders: current status and future directions. Diagnost (Basel). 2020;10(5):303. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10050303.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Campos MIG, Campos PSF, Line SRP. 2015 Inflammatory cytokines activity in temporomandibular joint disorders: a review of literature. Braz J Oral Sci. 5:(18) 1054–62. Available from: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/bjos/article/view/8641896

Schulte W, Bernhagen J, Bucala R. Cytokines in sepsis: potent immunoregulators and potential therapeutic targets–an updated view. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:165974. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/165974.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Davies AM. The role of neurotrophins in the developing nervous system. J Neurobiol. 1994;25(11):1334–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/neu.480251103. (PMID: 7852989).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bemelmans MH, van Tits LJ, Buurman WA. Tumor necrosis factor: function, release and clearance. Crit Rev Immunol. 1996;16(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevimmunol.v16.i1.10. (PMID: 8809470).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Snider WD. Functions of the neurotrophins during nervous system development: what the knockouts are teaching us. Cell. 1994;77(5):627–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90048-5. (PMID: 8205613).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scharfman HE, MacLusky NJ. Estrogen and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus: complexity of steroid hormone-growth factor interactions in the adult CNS. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2006;27(4):415–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.09.004.

Article