Pharmacologic Analgesia for Cesarean Section: An Update in 2024

Osterman M, Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Driscoll AK, Valenzuela CP. Births: Final Data for 2021. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2023;72:1–53.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chien P. Global rising rates of caesarean sections. BJOG An Int J Obs Gynaecol. 2021;128:781–2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Begum T, Anuradha S, Fatima Y, Mamun AA. Epidemiology of Caesarean section on maternal request in Australia: A population-based study. Midwifery. 2023;117: 103578.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gamez BH, Habib AS. Predicting Severity of Acute Pain After Cesarean Delivery: A Narrative Review. Anesth Analg. 2018;126:1606–14.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rini PN, Tan CW. Post-C-Section Pain Management with the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery and Multimodal Analgesia Methods: A Case Series. J Anesth Clin R. 2023;4:381–7.

Google Scholar 

Fentie Y, Yetneberk T, Gelaw M. Preoperative anxiety and its associated factors among women undergoing elective caesarean delivery: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Child. 2022;22:648.

Article  Google Scholar 

Xu L, Wang C, Deng C, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine for Supplemental Analgesia During Elective Cesarean Delivery. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6:e239321.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qiu C, Lin JC, Shi JM, et al. Association Between Epidural Analgesia During Labor and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(12):1168–75. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3231.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carvalho B, Butwick AJ. Postcesarean delivery analgesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2017;31:69–79.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sultan P, Sultan E, Carvalho B. Regional anaesthesia for labour, operative vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2021;76:136–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lumbreras-Marquez MI, Capdeville G, Ferrigno AS, et al. Association of neuraxial labor analgesia with autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022;52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang T, Brander G, Mantel Ä, et al. Assessment of Cesarean Delivery and Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders in the Children of a Population-Based Swedish Birth Cohort. Jama Netw Open. 2021;4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McKeen DM, Zaphiratos V. Lack of evidence that epidural pain relief during labour causes autism spectrum disorder: a position statement of the Canadian Anesthesiologists’ Society. Can J Anesth. 2021;68:180–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, et al. Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane DB Syst Rev. 2012;2012:D9234.

Google Scholar 

Anim-Somuah M, Smyth RM, Cyna AM, Cuthbert A. Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour. Cochrane DB Syst Rev. 2018;5:D331.

Google Scholar 

Roofthooft E, Joshi GP, Rawal N, Van de Velde M. PROSPECT guideline for elective caesarean section: updated systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia. 2021;76:665–80. This guideline provides recommendations for the management of pain after elective cesarean section. The article also refers to a number of suggestions from the literature.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sultan P, Carvalho B. Evidence-based guidance for use of intrathecal morphine as an alternative to diamorphine for Caesarean delivery analgesia. Brit J Anaesth. 2021;127:501–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang CY, Tu YK, Kao MC, et al. Effects of opioids administered via intravenous or epidural patient-controlled analgesia after caesarean section: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. eClin Med. 2023;56.

Google Scholar 

Innamorato MA, Vittori A, Natoli S, et al. Bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block reduces pain and the need for additional analgesics after elective cesarean section under opioid-free spinal anesthesia: findings from a randomized clinical trial. J Anesth Analg Crit Care. 2023;3.

Rodgers J, Cunningham K, Fitzgerald K, Finnerty E. Opioid consumption following outpatient upper extremity surgery. J Hand Surg. 2012;37:645–50.

Article  Google Scholar 

Martinello C, Williams M, Mhyre JM. Regional anesthesia and analgesia for cesarean delivery. Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine: A Problem-Based Learning Approach. 2023:399.

José RS, Eduardo AW, Mercedes NL, Ana LG. Perioperative Analgesia in Caesarean Section: What’s New? In: Victor MW, Analucía D, Marissa M, Guillermo D, eds. Topics in Postoperative Pain. Rijeka: IntechOpen 2023:5. This article provides the latest advancements in perioperative pain management for cesarean sections. The article references some contents from this literature.

Abate SM, Mergia G, Nega S, Basu B, Tadesse M. Efficacy and safety of wound infiltration modalities for postoperative pain management after cesarean section: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev-london. 2022;11:194.

Article  Google Scholar 

Singh NP, Monks D, Makkar JK, Palanisamy A, Sultan P, Singh PM. Efficacy of regional blocks or local anaesthetic infiltration for analgesia after caesarean delivery: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Anaesthesia. 2022;77:463–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elahwal L, Elrahwan S, Elbadry AA. Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Acute and Chronic Pain Relief After Caesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2022;12.

Krishnegowda S, Pujari VS, Doddagavanahalli SRC, Bevinaguddaiah Y, Parate LH. A randomized control trial on the efficacy of bilateral ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block and local infiltration for post-cesarean delivery analgesia. J Obstet Anaesth Cri. 2020;10:32–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bilgin S, Aygun H, Genc C, et al. Comparison of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block and anterior quadratus lumborum block in patients undergoing caesarean delivery: a randomized study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023;23:246.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abdeltawab AM, Abo-Elkhair SA, Radi MS, Abo-Al Ataa AM. Quadratus Lumborum Block versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Analgesia after Caesarean Section. The Scientific Journal of Medical Scholar. 2023;2:88–95.

Article  Google Scholar 

GLMACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician-Gynecologists Number 36 2002 Obstetric analgesia and anesthesia Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:177-91.

Rosaeg OP, Lui AC, Cicutti NJ, Bragg PR, Crossan ML, Krepski B. Peri-operative multimodal pain therapy for caesarean section: analgesia and fitness for discharge. Can J Anesth. 1997;44:803–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Snell P, Hicks C. An exploratory study in the UK of the effectiveness of three different pain management regimens for post-caesarean section women. Midwifery. 2006;22:249–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hale TW, McDonald R, Boger J. Transfer of celecoxib into human milk. J Hum Lact. 2004;20:397–403.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kurata NB, Ghatnekar RJ, Mercer E, Chin JM, Kaneshiro B, Yamasato KS. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Post-Cesarean Birth Pain Control. Obstet Gynecol. 2022;140:174–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen W, Liu C, Yang Y, Tian L. The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain control and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) gene expression after cesarean section. Cell Mol Biol. 2021;67:153–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kasapoğlu I. The efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy in pain control after cesarean section delivery associated with uterine contractions and abdominal incision. Turk J PH Med Rehab. 2020;66:169–75.

Article  Google Scholar 

Smith CA, Collins CT, Levett KM, et al. Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour. Cochrane DB Syst Rev. 2020.

Usichenko TI, Henkel BJ, Klausenitz C, et al. Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Pain Control After Cesarean Delivery. Jama Netw Open. 2022;5: e220517.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rakchanok T, Komsun S, Paradi S, Supapen L, Junya P, Kornkarn B. Effectiveness of auricular point acupressure with magnetic plate for pain management in acute postpartum cesarean section patients in Thammasat University Hospital: a randomized clinical controlled trial. J Tradit Chin Med. 2022;42:611.

PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Akgün M, Boz İ. The effects of acupressure on post-cesarean pain and analgesic consumption: a randomized single-blinded placebo-controlled study. Int J Qual Health C. 2020;32:609–17.

Article  Google Scholar 

Niazi A, Moradi M, Askari VR, Sharifi N. Effect of Complementary Medicine on Pain Relief and Wound Healing after Cesarean Section: A Systematic Review. J Pharmacopunct. 2021;24:41–53.

Article  Google Scholar 

Smith CA, Levett KM, Collins CT, Armour M, Dahlen HG, Suganuma M. Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour. Cochrane Db Syst Rev. 2018;2018.

Yurashevich M, Habib AS. Monitoring, prevention and treatment of side effects of long-acting neuraxial opioids for post-cesarean analgesia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;39:117–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharawi N, Carvalho B, Habib AS, Blake L, Mhyre JM, Sultan P. A Systematic Review Evaluating Neuraxial Morphine and Diamorphine-Associated Respiratory Depression After Cesarean Delivery. Anesth Analg. 2018;127:1385–95.

Comments (0)

No login
gif