Liu, J. & Liu, B. Living cell-mediated in situ polymerization for biomedical applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 129, 101545 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wu, D. et al. Polymerization in living organisms. Chem. Soc. Rev. 52, 2911–2945 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laskar, P., Varghese, O. P. & Shastri, V. P. Advances in intracellular and on-surface polymerization in living cells: implications for nanobiomedicines. Adv. Biomed. Res. 3, 2200174 (2023).

CAS  Google Scholar 

Dergham, M., Lin, S. & Geng, J. Supramolecular self‐assembly in living cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202114267 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Streu, C. & Meggers, E. Ruthenium-induced allylcarbamate cleavage in living cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 5645 (2006).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yusop, R. M., Unciti-Broceta, A., Johansson, E. M., Sánchez-Martín, R. M. & Bradley, M. Palladium-mediated intracellular chemistry. Nat. Chem. 3, 239–243 (2011).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tomás-Gamasa, M., Martínez-Calvo, M., Couceiro, J. R. & Mascareñas, J. L. Transition metal catalysis in the mitochondria of living cells. Nat. Commun. 7, 12538 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Devaraj, N. K., Thurber, G. M., Keliher, E. J., Marinelli, B. & Weissleder, R. Reactive polymer enables efficient in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 4762–4767 (2012).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang, J., Wang, X., Fan, X. & Chen, P. R. Unleashing the power of bond cleavage chemistry in living systems. ACS Cent. Sci. 7, 929–943 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jasinski, F., Zetterlund, P. B., Braun, A. M. & Chemtob, A. Photopolymerization in dispersed systems. Prog. Polym. Sci. 84, 47–88 (2018).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Noè, C., Hakkarainen, M. & Sangermano, M. Cationic UV curing of epoxidized biobased resins. Polymers 13, 89 (2021).

Article  Google Scholar 

Yuan, Y., Li, C., Zhang, R., Liu, R. & Liu, J. Low volume shrinkage photopolymerization system using hydrogen-bond-based monomers. Prog. Org. Coat. 137, 105308 (2019).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khudyakov, I. V., Legg, J. C., Purvis, M. B. & Overton, B. J. Kinetics of photopolymerization of acrylates with functionality of 1–6. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38, 3353–3359 (1999).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xiao, P. et al. Visible light sensitive photoinitiating systems: recent progress in cationic and radical photopolymerization reactions under soft conditions. Prog. Polym. Sci. 41, 32–66 (2015).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bonardi, A. et al. High performance near-infrared (NIR) photoinitiating systems operating under low light intensity and in the presence of oxygen. Macromolecules 51, 1314–1324 (2018).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhao, H. et al. Spatiotemporal control of polymer brush formation through photoinduced radical polymerization regulated by DMD light modulation. Lab Chip 19, 2651–2662 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xi, W. et al. Spatial and temporal control of thiol-Michael addition via photocaged superbase in photopatterning and two-stage polymer networks formation. Macromolecules 47, 6159–6165 (2014).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lang, M., Hirner, S., Wiesbrock, F. & Fuchs, P. A review on modeling cure kinetics and mechanisms of photopolymerization. Polymers 14, 2074 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geng, J. et al. Radical polymerization inside living cells. Nat. Chem. 11, 578–586 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang, Y. et al. Controlled intracellular polymerization for cancer treatment. JACS Au. 2, 579–589 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rinnerthaler, M., Bischof, J., Streubel, M. K., Trost, A. & Richter, K. Oxidative stress in aging human skin. Biomolecules 5, 545–589 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu, J., Shanmugam, S., Duong, H. T. & Boyer, C. Organo-photocatalysts for photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET–RAFT) polymerization. Polym. Chem. 6, 5615–5624 (2015).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xu, Y., Chen, C., Hellwarth, P. B. & Bao, X. Biomaterials for stem cell engineering and biomanufacturing. Bioact. Mater. 4, 366–379 (2019).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murakami, T. et al. ALS/FTD mutation-induced phase transition of FUS liquid droplets and reversible hydrogels into irreversible hydrogels impairs RNP granule function. Neuron 88, 678–690 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shen, Q., Huang, Y., Bai, H., Lv, F. & Wang, S. Polymer materials synthesized through cell-mediated polymerization strategies for regulation of biological functions. Acc. Mater. Res. 4, 57–70 (2022).

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen, Y. et al. Nanocompartment-confined polymerization in living systems. Nat. Commun. 14, 5229 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hai, Z. et al. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase-triggered intracellular gadolinium nanoparticle formation enhances the T2-weighted MR contrast of tumor. Nano Lett. 19, 2428–2433 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen, Q. et al. Intracellular radical polymerization of paclitaxel-bearing acrylamide for self-inflicted apoptosis of cancer cells. ACS Mater. Lett. 3, 1307–1314 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li, L.-L. et al. Intracellular construction of topology-controlled polypeptide nanostructures with diverse biological functions. Nat. Commun. 8, 1276 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu, C. et al. Intracellular hyperbranched polymerization for circumventing cancer drug resistance. ACS Nano 17, 11905–11913 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marino, A. et al. Nanostructured Brownian surfaces prepared through two-photon polymerization: investigation of stem cell response. ACS Nano 8, 11869–11882 (2014).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Han, S. B., Kim, J. K., Lee, G. & Kim, D. H. Mechanical properties of materials for stem cell differentiation. Adv. Biosyst. 4, 2000247 (2020).

Article  Google Scholar 

Ghosh, P. & De, P. Modulation of amyloid protein fibrillation by synthetic polymers: Recent advances in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 3, 6598–6625 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sundelacruz, S. & Kaplan, D. L. Stem cell-and scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches to osteochondral regenerative medicine. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 20, 646–655 (2009).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liang, G., Ren, H. & Rao, J. A biocompatible condensation reaction for controlled assembly of nanostructures in living cells. Nat. Chem. 2, 54–60 (2010).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rong, L. H., Caldona, E. B. & Advincula, R. C. PET–RAFT polymerization under flow chemistry and surface‐initiated reactions. Polym. Int. 72, 145–157 (2023).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Parkatzidis, K., Wang, H. S., Truong, N. P. & Anastasaki, A. Recent developments and future challenges in controlled radical polymerization. Chem 6, 1575–1588 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xie, W., Zhao, L., Wei, Y. & Yuan, J. Advances in enzyme-catalysis-mediated RAFT polymerization. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 2, 100487 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wu, J., Lin, J. & Huang, P. Harnessing abiotic organic chemistry in living systems for biomedical applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 52, 3973–3990 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joshi, T. & Nebhani, L. Light-regulated growth of polymer chains from the surface of RAFT agent primed mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Surf. Interfaces 29, 101764 (2022).

Article  CAS