1. Parsons, TD, McPherson, S, Interrante, V. Enhancing neurocognitive assessment using immersive virtual reality. In: 2013 1st Workshop on Virtual and Augmented Assistive Technology (VAAT), Lake Buena Vista, FL, , IEEE, pp. 27–34.
Google Scholar | Crossref2. Matsangidou, M, Schiza, E, Hadjiaros, M, et al. Dementia: I am physically fading. can virtual reality help? physical training for people with dementia in confined mental health units. In: Antona, M, Stephanidis, C (eds). Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design Approaches and Supporting Technologies. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020, pp. 366–382.
Google Scholar | Crossref3. Cavedoni, S, Chirico, A, Pedroli, E, et al. Digital biomarkers for the early detection of mild cognitive impairment: artificial intelligence meets virtual reality. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14: 245.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. García-Betances, RI, Arredondo Waldmeyer, MT, Fico, G, et al. A succinct overview of virtual reality technology use in alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging NeuroSci; 7. Epub Ahead of Print 2015. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00080.
Google Scholar | Crossref5. Gilmartin-Thomas, JF-M, McNeil, J, Powell, A, et al. Impact of a virtual dementia experience on medical and pharmacy students’ knowledge and attitudes toward people with dementia: a controlled study. J Alzheimers Dis JAD 2018; 62: 867–876.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Clay, F, Howett, D, FitzGerald, J, et al. Use of immersive virtual reality in the assessment and treatment of alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75: 23–43.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. García-Betances, R, Jimenez, V, Arredondo, M, et al. Using virtual reality for cognitive training of the elderly. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 30: 49–54.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals8. Benoit, M, Guerchouche, R, Petit, P-D, et al. Is it possible to use highly realistic virtual reality in the elderly? A feasibility study with image-based rendering. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11: 557–563.
Google Scholar | Medline9. Slater, M, Lotto, B, Arnold, MM, et al. How we experience immersive virtual environments: the concept of presence and its measurement. Anu Psicol 2009; 40: 19.
Google Scholar10. Mental Health . strengthening Our Response, Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response (accessed 24 June 2021).
Google Scholar11. Alzheimer Society of Canada . 10 priorities for dementia research in Canada. Alzheimer Society of Canada, Available at: http://alzheimer.ca/en/research/10-priorities-dementia-research-canada (accessed 24 June 2021).
Google Scholar12. Lyu, W, Wolinsky, FD. The onset of ADL difficulties and changes in health-related quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15: 217.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Allain, P, Foloppe, DA, Besnard, J, et al. Detecting everyday action deficits in alzheimer’s disease using a nonimmersive virtual reality kitchen. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2014; 20: 468–477.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Atkins, AS, Khan, A, Ulshen, D, et al. Assessment of instrumental activities of daily living in older adults with subjective cognitive decline using the virtual reality functional capacity assessment tool (VRFCAT). J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2018; 5: 216–234.
Google Scholar | Medline15. Alzheimer’s Society . The Psychological and Emotional Impact of Dementia, Available at: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/help-dementia-care/understanding-supporting-person-dementia-psychological-emotional-impact (accessed 24 June 2021).
Google Scholar16. Appel, L, Appel, E, Bogler, O, et al. Older adults with cognitive and/or physical impairments can benefit from immersive virtual reality experiences: a feasibility study. Front Med; 6. Epub Ahead of Print 2020. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00329.
Google Scholar | Crossref17. Moyle, W, Jones, C, Dwan, T, et al. Effectiveness of a virtual reality forest on people with dementia: a mixed methods pilot study. The Gerontologist 2018; 58: 478–487.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Devshi, R, Shaw, S, Elliott-King, J, et al. Prevalence of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in individuals with learning disabilities. Diagnostics 2015; 5: 564–576.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI19. Donaldson, C, Tarrier, N, Burns, A. The impact of the symptoms of dementia on caregivers. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci 1997; 170: 62–68.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI20. Danieli, E . Non-Pharmacological Assessment and Management of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Primary Care. Mount Sinai Hospital, 2013. Available at: https://www.mountsinai.on.ca/care/psych/patient-programs/geriatric-psychiatry/prc-dementia-resources-for-primary-care/dementia-toolkit-for-primary-care/responsive-behaviours-in-dementia/non-pharmacological-assessment-and-management-of-behavioural-and-psychological (accessed 24 June 2021).
Google Scholar21. Bianchetti, A, Scuratti, A, Zanetti, O, et al. Predictors of mortality and institutionalization in Alzheimer disease patients 1 year after discharge from an Alzheimer dementia unit. Dement Basel Switz 1995; 6: 108–112.
Google Scholar | Medline22. Ferreira, LDA, Ferreira, H, Cavaco, S, et al. User experience of interactive technologies for people with dementia: comparative observational study. JMIR Serious Games 2020; 8: e17565.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Appel, L, Kisonas, E, Appel, E, et al. Introducing virtual reality therapy for inpatients with dementia admitted to an acute care hospital: learnings from a pilot to pave the way to a randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feas Stud 2020; 6: 166.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Appel, L, Kisonas, E, Appel, E, et al. Administering virtual reality therapy to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with dementia admitted to an acute care hospital: results of a pilot study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5: e22406.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. D’Cunha, NM, Nguyen, D, Naumovski, N, et al. A mini-review of virtual reality-based interventions to promote well-being for people living with dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Gerontology 2019; 65: 430–440.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Jao, Y-L, Loken, E, MacAndrew, M, et al. Association between social interaction and affect in nursing home residents with dementia. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22: 778–783.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Woods, B, O’Philbin, L, Farrell, EM, et al. Reminiscence therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 3: CD001120.
Google Scholar | Medline28. Cutler, C, Hicks, B, Innes, A. Does digital gaming enable healthy aging for community-dwelling people with dementia? Games Cult 2016; 11: 104–129.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI29. Wilkins, JM . Dementia, decision making, and quality of life. AMA J Ethics 2017; 19: 637–639.
Google Scholar | Crossref30. Mendez, MF, Joshi, A, Jimenez, E. Virtual reality for the assessment of frontotemporal dementia, a feasibility study. Disabil Rehabil Assist Tech 2015; 10: 160–164.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Arksey, H, O’Malley, L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol 2005; 8: 19–32.
Google Scholar | Crossref32. Alm, N, Astell, AJ, Gowans, G, et al. Engaging multimedia leisure for people with dementia. Gerontech 2009; 8(4): 236–246. DOI: 10.4017/gt.2009.08.04.006.00.
Google Scholar | Crossref33. Burdea, G, Polistico, K, Krishnamoorthy, A, et al. Feasibility study of the BrightBrainerTM integrative cognitive rehabilitation system for elderly with dementia. Disabil Rehabil Assist Tech 2015; 10: 421–432.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline34. Coelho, T, Marques, C, Moreira, D, et al. Promoting reminiscences with virtual reality headsets: a pilot study with people with dementia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17: E9301.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Eisapour, M, Cao, S, Boger, J. Participatory design and evaluation of virtual reality games to promote engagement in physical activity for people living with dementia. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2020; 7: 2055668320913770.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI36. Flynn, D, van Schaik, P, Blackman, T, et al. Developing a virtual reality-based methodology for people with dementia: a feasibility study. Cyberp Behav Imp Int Multimed Vir Real Behav Soc 2003; 6: 591–611.
Google Scholar37. Foloppe, DA, Richard, P, Yamaguchi, T, et al. The potential of virtual reality-based training to enhance the functional autonomy of Alzheimer’s disease patients in cooking activities: A single case study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018; 28: 709–733.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline38. Rohrbach, N, Gulde, P, Armstrong, AR, et al. An augmented reality approach for ADL support in Alzheimer’s disease: a crossover trial. J Neuro Eng Rehabil 2019; 16: 66.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline39. Dove, E, Astell, A. The kinect project: group motion-based gaming for people living with dementia. Dement Lond Eng 2019; 18: 2189–2205.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI40. Brimelow, RE, Dawe, B, Dissanayaka, N. Preliminary research: virtual reality in residential aged care to reduce apathy and improve mood. Cyberp Behav Soc Netw 2020; 23: 165–170.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. Masoumzadeh, S, Moussavi, Z. Does practicing with a virtual reality driving simulator improve spatial cognition in older adults? A Pilot Study. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15: 2633105520967930.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals42. Padala, KP, Padala, PR, Lensing, SY, et al. Home-based exercise program improves balance and fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults with mild alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study. J Alzheimers Dis JAD 2017; 59: 565–574.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline43. Rose, V, Stewart, I, Jenkins, KG, et al. Bringing the outside in: The feasibility of virtual reality with people with dementia in an inpatient psychiatric care setting. Dement Lond Engl 2021; 20: 106–129.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI44. Goodall, G, Ciobanu, I, Taraldsen, K, et al. The use of virtual and immersive technology in creating personalized multisensory spaces for people living with dementia (sense-garden): protocol for a multisite before-after trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8: e14096.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline45. van Santen, J, Dröes, R-M, Twisk, JWR, et al. Effects of exergaming on cognitive and social functioning of people with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21: 1958–1967.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline46. McCauley, CO, Bond, RB, Ryan, A, et al. Evaluating user engagement with a reminiscence app using cross-comparative analysis of user event logs and qualitative data. Cyberp Behav Soc Netw 2019; 22: 543–551.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline47. Barnard, D. . History of VR-Timeline of Events and Tech Development. Virtualspeech, 2019, Available at: https://virtualspeech.com/blog/history-of-vr (accessed 28 June 2021).
Google Scholar48. Molitor, RJ, Ko, PC, Ally, BA. Eye movements in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis JAD 2015; 44: 1–12.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline49. Rogers, S. . Seven Reasons Why Eye-Tracking Will Fundamentally Change VR. Forbes, 2019, Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/solrogers/2019/02/05/seven-reasons-why-eye-tracking-will-fundamentally-change-vr/ (accessed 2 July 2021).
Google Scholar50. Warden, V, Hurley, AC, Volicer, L. Development and psychometric evaluation of the pain assessment in advanced dementia (PAINAD) scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003; 4: 9–15.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline51. Sharar, SR, Miller, W, Teeley, A, et al. Applications of virtual reality for pain management in burn-injured patients. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8: 1667–1674.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline52. Vernooij-Dassen, M, Moniz-Cook, E, Jeon, Y-H. Social health in dementia care: harnessing an applied research agenda. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30: 775–778.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline53. Clare, L, Kudlicka, A, Oyebode, JR, et al. Goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation for early-stage alzheimer’s and related dementias: the great rct. NIHR Journals Library 2019; 23(10): 1–242.
Google Scholar54. Dementia-Symptoms and Causes.