The present epidemiological, descriptive, and retrospective study confirms the predominant role of acute febrile respiratory tract infections (AFRTIs), including influenza, among infectious episodes observed in members of the French armed forces. AFRTIs are therefore subjected to epidemiological surveillance in this population. The study was performed over 10 years (longer period than those of previously published studies) and confirms the constant occurrence of these infections over the years among this population. With a mean annual incidence rate of 8.7 person-years but with poor severity, AFRTIs are the second leading infectious episodes observed in members of the French armed forces in metropolitan France, overseas territories, and external operations, following diarrhea but ahead of vector-borne diseases.