Vaginismus, classified as genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder in DSM-5, is characterized by involuntary pelvic floor muscle contraction, fear of penetration, and anxiety. Despite its impact on sexual health, it remains underreported, particularly in conservative societies like India. Limited data exist on its prevalence and psychosocial correlates in Indian settings. This study examines the clinical and psychosocial characteristics of women diagnosed with vaginismus at a sexual health clinic in India.

A retrospective descriptive study analyzed chart data from a sexual health clinic in India (May 2023–May 2024). Women aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed with vaginismus per DSM-5 criteria, were included. Socio-demographic, clinical, psychiatric, and psychosocial data were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Of 692 women with sexual dysfunction, 313 (45.23%) had vaginismus. The mean age was 29.4 years (SD = 4.73). Most were from Tier 1 cities (72.8%) and had attempted but not succeeded in intercourse (58.8%). Anxiety and depression were common psychiatric comorbidities, while thyroid disorders and polycystic ovarian syndrome were frequent medical conditions. Partner-related sexual dysfunction occurred in 8.6% of cases. Fear of penetration (57%) and sexual myths (9.2%) were prevalent.

Vaginismus has significant psychosocial and cultural implications. The findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary interventions, including psychotherapy, sexual education, and couple therapy, to improve outcomes and reduce stigma surrounding female sexual health.