Lyman GH, Carrier M, Ay C, Di Nisio M, Hicks LK, Khorana AA et al (2021) American society of hematology 2021 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prevention and treatment in patients with cancer. Blood Adv 5(4):927–974. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003442

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mahé I, Benarroch S, Djennaoui S, Hakem R, Ghorbel A, Helfer H et al (2025) Cancer-associated thrombosis: what is new? Curr Opin Oncol 37(2):150–157. https://doi.org/10.1097/cco.0000000000001125

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ay C, Pabinger I, Cohen AT (2017) Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: burden, mechanisms, and management. Thromb Haemost 117(02):219–230. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH16-08-0615

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mukai M, Oka T (2018) Mechanism and management of cancer-associated thrombosis. J Cardiol 72(2):89–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.02.011

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kirstein MM, Vogel A (2016) Epidemiology and risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma. Visc Med 32(6):395–400. https://doi.org/10.1159/000453013

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Valle JW, Kelley RK, Nervi B, Oh DY, Zhu AX (2021) Biliary tract cancer. Lancet 397(10272):428–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00153-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Banales JM, Marin JJG, Lamarca A, Rodrigues PM, Khan SA, Roberts LR et al (2020) Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 17(9):557–588. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0310-z

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lemaire M, Vibert É, Azoulay D, Salloum C, Ciacio O, Pittau G et al (2023) Early portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy for Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: incidence, risk factors, and management. J Visc Surg 160(6):417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2023.06.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Treeprasertsuk S, Poovorawan K, Soonthornworasiri N, Chaiteerakij R, Thanapirom K, Mairiang P et al (2017) A significant cancer burden and high mortality of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand: a nationwide database study. BMC Gastroenterol 17(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-016-0565-6

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thipbumrung S, Niprapan P, Suprasert P, Ketpueak T, Tantiworawit A, Punnachet T et al (2023) Comparison of risk prediction scores for cancer-associated thrombosis in ambulatory cancer patients not receiving thromboprophylaxis: A prospective cohort study in a South-East Asian population. Thromb Res 232:138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2023.11.006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pfrepper C, Knödler M, Schorling RM, Seehofer D, Petros S, Lordick F (2022) Predictors for thromboembolism in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 148(9):2415–2426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-021-03794-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Q, Cui S, Huang J, Wang J, Wang D, Wang H et al (2023) Venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing distal cholangiocarcinoma surgery: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. Asian J Surg 46(9):3648–3655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.02.015

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim JS, Paik WH, Lee SH, Lee MW, Park N, Choi JH et al (2024) Clinical significance of venous thromboembolism in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Gut Liver 18(1):165–173. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220477

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shin DW, Moon SH, Kim JH (2023) Diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020233

Naing L, Nordin RB, Abdul Rahman H, Naing YT (2022) Sample size calculation for prevalence studies using scalex and scalar calculators. BMC Med Res Methodol 22(1):209. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-022-01694-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jeon HK, Kim DU, Baek DH, Ha DW, Lee BE, Ryu DY et al (2012) Venous thromboembolism in patients with cholangiocarcinoma: focus on risk factors and impact on survival. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24(4):444–449. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e328350f93c

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blasi A, Molina V, Sanchez-Cabús S, Balust J, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Taura P (2018) Prediction of thromboembolic complications after liver resection for cholangiocarcinoma: is there a place for thromboelastometry? Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 29(1):61–66. https://doi.org/10.1097/mbc.0000000000000672

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akrivou D, Perlepe G, Kirgou P, Gourgoulianis KI, Malli F (2022) Pathophysiological aspects of aging in venous thromboembolism: an update. Med (Kaunas) 58(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081078

Farmakis IT, Barco S, Mavromanoli AC, Konstantinides SV, Valerio L (2022) Performance status and Long-Term outcomes in cancer-Associated pulmonary embolism: insights from the Hokusai-VTE cancer study. JACC CardioOncol 4(4):507–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.07.008

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Yang L, Tian H, Xu R, Liu D (2024) The value of performance status in predicting venous thromboembolism in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Eur J Oncol Nurs 69:102527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102527

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duman H, Özyurt S, Erdoğan T, Kara BY, Durakoğlugil ME (2019) The role of serum bilirubin levels in determining venous thromboembolism. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 7(5):635–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.02.002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cervellin G, Buonocore R, Sanchis-Gomar F, Lippi G (2016) Low serum bilirubin values are associated with pulmonary embolism in a case-control study. Clin Chem Lab Med 54(8):e229–230. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2015-1156

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cho HS, Lee SW, Kim ES, Shin J, Moon SD, Han JH et al (2016) Serum bilirubin levels are inversely associated with PAI-1 and fibrinogen in Korean subjects. Atherosclerosis 244:204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar