The burden of common neurological disorders in Asia: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990–2021)

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group (1995) Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 333(24):1581–1587

Article  Google Scholar 

GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators (2019) Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 18(5):459–480

Article  Google Scholar 

Gilmour GS, Nielsen G, Teodoro T, Yogarajah M, Coebergh JA, Dilley MD et al (2020) Management of functional neurological disorder. J Neurol 267(7):2164–2172

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guan R, Van Le Q, Yang H, Zhang D, Gu H, Yang Y et al (2021) A review of dietary phytochemicals and their relation to oxidative stress and human diseases. Chemosphere 271:129499

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malhotra S, Miras MCM, Pappolla A, Montalban X, Comabella M (2023) Liquid biopsy in neurological diseases. Cells 12(14):1911

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li S, Cheng C, Lu L, Ma X, Zhang X, Li A et al (2021) Hearing loss in neurological disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:716300

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, Yin P, Zhu J, Chen W et al (2019) Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 394(10204):1145–1158

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Neurological Disorders Collaborators (2021) The burden of neurological disorders across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2019. Lancet Glob Health 9(8):e1129–e1144

Article  Google Scholar 

Imahori Y, Qin C, Tang B, Hägg S (2024) Comprehensive analysis of molecular, physiological, and functional biomarkers of aging with neurological diseases using Mendelian randomization. Geroscience. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01334-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2024) Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 403(10440):2133–2161

Article  Google Scholar 

Lv B, Lan JX, Si YF, Ren YF, Li MY, Guo FF et al (2024) Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021. Mil Med Res 11(1):46

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu T, Dong W, Liu J, Yin P, Wang Z, Zhang L et al (2024) Disease burden of Parkinson’s disease in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 46:101078

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang C, Jia Y, Zhang C, Jin Z, Ma Y, Bi X et al (2025) Global, regional, and national burdens of heart failure in adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. EClinicalMedicine 79:102998

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tapper EB, Parikh ND (2018) Mortality due to cirrhosis and liver cancer in the United States, 1999–2016: observational study. BMJ 362:k2817

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

GBD 2021 Nervous System Disorders Collaborators (2024) Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 23(4):344–381

Article  Google Scholar 

Nong J, Su C, Li C, Wang C, Li W, Li Y et al (2025) Global, regional, and national epidemiology of childhood neuroblastoma (1990–2021): a statistical analysis of incidence, mortality, and DALYs. EClinicalMedicine 79:102964

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiong Y, Wakhloo AK, Fisher M (2022) Advances in acute ischemic stroke therapy. Circ Res 130(8):1230–1251

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Owolabi MO, Thrift AG, Mahal A, Ishida M, Martins S, Johnson WD et al (2022) Primary stroke prevention worldwide: translating evidence into action. Lancet Public Health 7(1):e74–e85

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diener HC, Hankey GJ (2020) Primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage: JACC focus seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 75(15):1804–1818

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Langhorne P, Ramachandra S (2020) Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4(4):CD000197

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM et al (2020) Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol 76(25):2982–3021

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roth GA, Forouzanfar MH, Moran AE, Barber R, Nguyen G, Feigin VL et al (2015) Demographic and epidemiologic drivers of global cardiovascular mortality. N Engl J Med 372(14):1333–1341

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

GBD 2021 Stroke Risk Factor Collaborators (2024) Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 23(10):973–1003

Article  Google Scholar 

Marshall IJ, Wang Y, Crichton S, McKevitt C, Rudd AG, Wolfe CD (2015) The effects of socioeconomic status on stroke risk and outcomes. Lancet Neurol 14(12):1206–1218

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seng EK, Martin PR, Houle TT (2022) Lifestyle factors and migraine. Lancet Neurol 21(10):911–921

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Slatculescu AM, Chen Y (2018) Synergism between female gender and high levels of daily stress associated with migraine headaches in Ontario. Canada Neuroepidemiology 51(3–4):183–189

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Migraine MH (2016) Long screen time exposure could increase the risk of migraine. Nat Rev Neurol 12(1):4

Article  Google Scholar 

Wessman M, Terwindt GM, Kaunisto MA, Palotie A, Ophoff RA (2007) Migraine: a complex genetic disorder. Lancet Neurol 6(6):521–532

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mogil JS (2020) Qualitative sex differences in pain processing: emerging evidence of a biased literature. Nat Rev Neurosci 21(7):353–365

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martin VT, Pavlovic J, Fanning KM, Buse DC, Reed ML, Lipton RB (2016) Perimenopause and menopause are associated with high frequency headache in women with migraine: results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study. Headache 56(2):292–305

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cen J, Wang Q, Cheng L, Gao Q, Wang H, Sun F (2024) Global, regional, and national burden and trends of migraine among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. J Headache Pain 25(1):96

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ngo ST, Steyn FJ, McCombe PA (2014) Gender differences in autoimmune disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 35(3):347–369

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ardekani BA, Convit A, Bachman AH (2016) Analysis of the MIRIAD data shows sex differences in hippocampal atrophy progression. J Alzheimers Dis 50(3):847–857

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eid RS, Gobinath AR, Galea LAM (2019) Sex differences in depression: insights from clinical and preclinical studies. Prog Neurobiol 176:86–102

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu D, Montagne A, Zhao Z (2021) Alzheimer’s pathogenic mechanisms and underlying sex difference. Cell Mol Life Sci 78(11):4907–4920

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tower J (2017) Sex-specific gene expression and life span regulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 28(10):735–747

Article 

Comments (0)

No login
gif