DeWitt N. Bone and cartilage. Nature. 2003;423(6937):315–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Barton A, Burmester GR, Emery P, Firestein GS, Kavanaugh A, McInnes IB, Solomon DH, Strand V, Yamamoto K. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Hoy D, Smith E, Bettampadi D, Mansournia MA, Almasi-Hashiani A, Ashrafi-Asgarabad A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Qorbani M, Collins G. Global, regional and National burden of rheumatoid arthritis 1990–2017: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(11):1463–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pol J, Paillet J, Plantureux C, Kroemer G. Beneficial autoimmunity and maladaptive inflammation shape epidemiological links between cancer and immune-inflammatory diseases. Oncoimmunology. 2022;11(1):2029299.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li J, Chen Y, Liu Q, Tian Z, Zhang Y. Mechanistic and therapeutic links between rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Med. 2023;23(2):287–99.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bullock J, Rizvi SA, Saleh AM, Ahmed SS, Do DP, Ansari RA, Ahmed J. Rheumatoid arthritis: a brief overview of the treatment. Med Princ Pract. 2019;27(6):501–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Smolen JS, Aletaha D. Rheumatoid arthritis therapy reappraisal: strategies, opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11:276–89.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smolen JS, Landewé RB, Bijlsma JW, Burmester GR, Dougados M, Kerschbaumer A, McInnes IB, Sepriano A, Van Vollenhoven RF, De Wit M, Aletaha D. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(6):685–99.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park SY, Cho W, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacimuftuoglu A, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Valdecoxib attenuates lipid-induced hepatic steatosis through autophagy-mediated suppression of Endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Pharmacol. 2022;199:115022.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wongrakpanich S, Wongrakpanich A, Melhado K, Rangaswami J. A comprehensive review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly. Aging Dis. 2018;9:143–50.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Luís M, Boers M, Saag K, Buttgereit F, da Silva JA. The safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disease: new evidence. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2022;34:179–86.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Little J, Parker B, Lunt M, Hanly JG, Urowitz MB, Clarke AE, Romero-Diaz J, Gordon C, Bae SC, Bernatsky S, Wallace DJ. Glucocorticoid use and factors associated with variability in this use in the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics inception cohort. Rheumatol. 2018;57(4):677–87.

Article  Google Scholar 

Brusini R, Varna M, Couvreur P. Advanced nanomedicines for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020;157:161–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ranade VV. Drug delivery systems. 6. Transdermal drug delivery. J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(5):401–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee EH, Kim A, Oh YK, Kim CK. Effect of edge activators on the formation and transfection efficiency of ultradeformable liposomes. Biomater. 2005;26(2):205–10.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Honeywell-Nguyen PL, Bouwstra JA. Vesicles as a tool for transdermal and dermal delivery. Drug Discov Today Technol. 2005;2(1):67–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mikhailova EO. Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of action and probable Bio-Application. J Funct Biomater. 2020;11(4):84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

El-Din MI, Fahmy NM, Wu F, Salem MM, Khattab OM, El-Seedi HR, Korinek M, Hwang TL, Osman AK, El-Shazly M, Fayez S. Comparative LC–LTQ–MS–MS analysis of the leaf extracts of Lantana Camara and Lantana montevidensis growing in Egypt with insights into their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. Plants. 2022;11(13):1699.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu LX, Amidon G, Khan MA, Hoag SW, Polli J, Raju GK, Woodcock J. Understanding pharmaceutical quality by design. AAPS J. 2014;16:771–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pradhan R, Krishna KV, Wadhwa G, Taliyan R, Khadgawat R, Kachhawa G, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. QbD-driven development and validation of HPLC method for determination of bisphenol A and Bis-sulphone in environmental samples. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 2020;100(1):42–54.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

ICH, International conference on harmonization of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceutical for human use, pharmaceutical development Q8(R2), Curr. Step 4. (2009).

Patel GM, Shelat PK, Lalwani AN. QbD based development of proliposome of lopinavir for improved oral bioavailability. Eur J Pharmaceut Sci. 2017;108:50–61.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pandey AP, Karande KP, Sonawane RO, Deshmukh PK. Applying quality by design (QbD) concept for fabrication of Chitosan coated nanoliposomes. J Liposome Res. 2014;24(1):37–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma M, Sharma G, Singh B, Katare OP. Systematically optimized imiquimod-loaded novel hybrid vesicles by employing design of experiment (DoE) approach with improved biocompatibility, stability, and dermatokinetic profile. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20:1–4.

Article  Google Scholar 

El-Kenany ET, Salama M. Suppression effects of Lantana Camara L. aqueous extracts on germination efficiency of Phalaris minor Retz. And Sorghum bicolor L.(Moench). J Taibah Univ Sci. 2013;7(2):64–71.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lu M, Chadha S, Kumar V. Fabrication of silver nanoparticles synthesize using Lantana Camara leaves extract on biofilm of sodium alginate. J Indian Chem Soc. 2024;101(8):101189.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dudhipala N, Janga KY, Gorre T. Comparative study of nisoldipine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery: preparation, characterization, permeation and Pharmacokinetic evaluation. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(sup2):616–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jain R, Singh R, Badhwar R, Gupta T, Popli H. Development and optimization of Clitoria teratea synthesized silver nanoparticles and its application to nanogel systems for wound healing. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2024;50(3):181–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khan BA, Ahmad N, Alqahtani A, Baloch R, Rehman AU, Khan MK. Formulation development of pharmaceutical nanoemulgel for transdermal delivery of feboxostat: physical characterization and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2024;195:106665.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garg V, Singh H, Bhatia A, Raza K, Singh SK, Singh B, Beg S. Systematic development of transethosomal gel system of piroxicam: formulation optimization, in vitro evaluation, and ex vivo assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2017;18:58–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dantas MG, Reis SA, Damasceno CM, Rolim LA, Rolim-Neto PJ, Carvalho FO, Quintans-Junior LJ, Almeida JR. Development and evaluation of stability of a gel formulation containing the monoterpene Borneol. Sci World J. 2016;2016(1):7394685.

Google Scholar 

Ontong JC, Singh S, Nwabor OF, Chusri S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Potential of antimicrobial topical gel with synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticle using Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract and silk sericin. Biotechnol Lett. 2020;42:2653–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oktay AN, Ilbasmis-Tamer S, Uludag O, Celebi N. Enhanced dermal delivery of flurbiprofen nanosuspension based gel: development and ex vivo permeation, Pharmacokinetic evaluations. Pharm Res. 2021;38(6):991–1009.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar