Powell-Wiley TM, Baumer Y, Baah FO, et al. Social determinants of cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2022;130:782–99.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health: a presidential advisory from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;148:1606–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, et al. A synopsis of the evidence for the science and clinical management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;148:1636–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dzau VJ, Hodgkinson CP. RNA therapeutics for the cardiovascular system. Circulation. 2024;149:707–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boada C, Sukhovershin R, Pettigrew R, Cooke JP. RNA therapeutics for cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2021;36:256–63.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baek MS, Yu RZ, Gaus H, Grundy JS, Geary RS. In vitro metabolic stabilities and metabolism of 2’-O-(methoxyethyl) partially modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides in preincubated rat or human whole liver homogenates. Oligonucleotides. 2010;20:309–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zaiou M. The emerging role and promise of circular RNAs in obesity and related metabolic disorders. Cells. 2020;9(6):1473.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alexander VJ, Xia S, Hurh E, et al. N-acetyl galactosamine-conjugated antisense drug to APOC3 mRNA, triglycerides and atherogenic lipoprotein levels. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:2785–96.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crooke ST, Witztum JL, Bennett CF, Baker BF. RNA-targeted therapeutics. Cell Metab. 2018;27:714–39.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tardif JC, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Amour ES, et al. Apolipoprotein C-III reduction in subjects with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and at high cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:1401–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lehoux D, Far AR, Kallend D, Wijngaard PLJ, Zerler B. Evaluation of the distribution and excretion of [(14)C]-inclisiran following single subcutaneous administration in cynomolgus monkeys. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022;443:115978.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blasco M, Ascaso JF. Control of the overall lipid profile. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2019;31(Suppl 2):34–41.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blom DJ, Marais AD, Moodley R, van der Merwe N, van Tonder A, Raal FJ. RNA-based therapy in the management of lipid disorders: a review. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21:41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Witztum JL, Gaudet D, Freedman SD, et al. Volanesorsen and triglyceride levels in familial chylomicronemia syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:531–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kraaijenhof JM, Stroes ESG. Inflammatory effects of triglycerides: relevant or redundant? JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2023;8:476–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health: a presidential advisory from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;148:1606–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Subramanian S, Chait A. Hypertriglyceridemia secondary to obesity and diabetes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2012;1821(5):819–25.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lopez-Jaramillo P, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Martinez-Bello D, et al. Association of the triglyceride glucose index as a measure of insulin resistance with mortality and cardiovascular disease in populations from five continents (PURE study): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longevity. 2023;4:e23–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Phillips DIW, Caddy S, Ilic V, et al. Intramuscular triglyceride and muscle insulin sensitivity: evidence for a relationship in nondiabetic subjects. Metabolism. 1996;45:947–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Witztum JL, Gaudet D, Freedman SD, et al. Volanesorsen and triglyceride levels in familial chylomicronemia syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:531–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Witztum JL, Gaudet D, Freedman SD, et al. Volanesorsen and triglyceride levels in familial chylomicronemia syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(6):531–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Springer AD, Dowdy SF. GalNAc-siRNA conjugates: leading the way for delivery of RNAi therapeutics. Nucleic Acid Ther. 2018;28:109–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stroes ESG, Alexander VJ, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, et al. Olezarsen, acute pancreatitis, and familial chylomicronemia syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2024;390:1781–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaudet D, Pall D, Watts GF, et al. Plozasiran (ARO-APOC3) for severe hypertriglyceridemia: the SHASTA-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2024;9:620–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaudet D, Pall D, Watts GF, et al. Plozasiran (ARO-APOC3) for Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: the SHASTA-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2024;9(7):620–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bergmark BA, Marston NA, Bramson CR, et al. Effect of vupanorsen on non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-treated patients with elevated cholesterol: TRANSLATE-TIMI 70. Circulation. 2022;145:1377–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Foss-Freitas MC, Akinci B, Neidert A, et al. Selective targeting of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) with vupanorsen for the treatment of patients with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD): results of a proof-of-concept study. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;20:174.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gaudet D, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Baum SJ, et al. Vupanorsen, an N-acetyl galactosamine-conjugated antisense drug to ANGPTL3 mRNA, lowers triglycerides and atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and hypertriglyceridaemia. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:3936–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Graham MJ, Lee RG, Brandt TA, et al. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of ANGPTL3 antisense oligonucleotides. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:222–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prakash TP, Graham MJ, Yu J, et al. Targeted delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to hepatocytes using triantennary N-acetyl galactosamine improves potency 10-fold in mice. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42:8796–807.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ray KK, Kallend D, Leiter LA, et al. Effect of inclisiran on lipids in primary prevention: the ORION-11 trial. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:5047–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed