Wohlgemuth, N., Honce, R. & Schultz-Cherry, S. Astrovirus evolution and emergence. Infect. Genet. Evol. 69, 30–37 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bosch, A., Pinto, R. M. & Guix, S. Human astroviruses. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 27, 1048–1074 (2014).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

GBD 2016 Diarrhoeal Disease Collaborators. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect. Dis. 18, 1211–1228 (2018).

Holtz, L. R. et al. Astrovirus MLB2 viremia in febrile child. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17, 2050–2052 (2011).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Finkbeiner, S. R. et al. Identification of a novel astrovirus (astrovirus VA1) associated with an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. J. Virol. 83, 10836–10839 (2009).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Brown, J. R. et al. Astrovirus VA1/HMO-C: an increasingly recognized neurotropic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 60, 881–888 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Janowski, A. B. et al. High seropositivity rate of neutralizing antibodies to astrovirus VA1 in human populations. mSphere https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00484-21 (2021).

Holtz, L. R. et al. Seroepidemiology of astrovirus MLB1. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 21, 908–911 (2014).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sanchez-Fauquier, A. et al. Characterization of a human astrovirus serotype 2 structural protein (VP26) that contains an epitope involved in virus neutralization. Virology 201, 312–320 (1994).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Krishna, N. K. Identification of structural domains involved in astrovirus capsid biology. Viral Immunol. 18, 17–26 (2005).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bass, D. M. & Upadhyayula, U. Characterization of human serotype 1 astrovirus-neutralizing epitopes. J. Virol. 71, 8666–8671 (1997).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Burmeister, W. P., Gastinel, L. N., Simister, N. E., Blum, M. L. & Bjorkman, P. J. Crystal structure at 2.2 Å resolution of the MHC-related neonatal Fc receptor. Nature 372, 336–343 (1994).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Simister, N. E. & Mostov, K. E. An Fc receptor structurally related to MHC class I antigens. Nature 337, 184–187 (1989).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhao, X. et al. Human neonatal Fc receptor is the cellular uncoating receptor for enterovirus B. Cell 177, 1553–1565.e16 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shaw, T. M. et al. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a pan-arterivirus receptor. Nat. Commun. 15, 6726 (2024).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Raj, V. S. et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC. Nature 495, 251–254 (2013).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lu, G. et al. Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26. Nature 500, 227–231 (2013).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Willcocks, M. M., Carter, M. J., Laidler, F. R. & Madeley, C. R. Growth and characterisation of human faecal astrovirus in a continuous cell line. Arch. Virol. 113, 73–81 (1990).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Moser, L. A., Carter, M. & Schultz-Cherry, S. Astrovirus increases epithelial barrier permeability independently of viral replication. J. Virol. 81, 11937–11945 (2007).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Janowski, A. B. & Wang, D. Infection and propagation of astrovirus VA1 in cell culture. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 52, e73 (2019).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doench, J. G. et al. Optimized sgRNA design to maximize activity and minimize off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9. Nat. Biotechnol. 34, 184–191 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li, W. et al. MAGeCK enables robust identification of essential genes from genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens. Genome Biol. 15, 554 (2014).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Caballero, S., Guix, S., Ribes, E., Bosch, A. & Pinto, R. M. Structural requirements of astrovirus virus-like particles assembled in insect cells. J. Virol. 78, 13285–13292 (2004).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Guix, S. et al. Type I interferon response is delayed in human astrovirus infections. PLoS ONE 10, e0123087 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moser, L. A. & Schultz-Cherry, S. Suppression of astrovirus replication by an ERK1/2 inhibitor. J. Virol. 82, 7475–7482 (2008).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Song, J. et al. LRRC15 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry in trans. PLoS Biol. 20, e3001805 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brinker, J. P., Blacklow, N. R. & Herrmann, J. E. Human astrovirus isolation and propagation in multiple cell lines. Arch. Virol. 145, 1847–1856 (2000).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chapellier, B. et al. Examination of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for human astrovirus. Microbiol. Immunol. 59, 586–596 (2015).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ozer, T., Geiss, B. J. & Henry, C. S. Review—chemical and biological sensors for viral detection. J. Electrochem. Soc. 167, 037523 (2020).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Roh, S., Chung, T. & Lee, B. Overview of the characteristics of micro- and nano-structured surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sensors 11, 1565–1588 (2011).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arias, C. F. & DuBois, R. M. The astrovirus capsid: a review. Viruses 9, 15 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ykema, M. & Tao, Y. J. Structural insights into the human astrovirus capsid. Viruses 13, 821 (2021).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ykema, M. et al. Human astrovirus capsid protein releases a membrane lytic peptide upon trypsin maturation. J. Virol. 97, e0080223 (2023).

Article