Manasco AT, Stephens RJ, Yaeger LH, et al. Ketamine sedation in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care. 2020;56:80–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Smith HAB, Besunder JB, Betters KA, et al. 2022 society of critical care medicine clinical practice guidelines on prevention and management of pain, agitation, neuromuscular blockade, and delirium in critically Ill pediatric patients with consideration of the icu environment and early mobility. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2022;23(2):e74–110.
Amigoni ACG, Conio A, Corno M, et al. Recommendations for analgesia and sedation in critically ill children admitted to intensive care unit. J Anesth Analg Crit Care. 2022;12(2):9.
Daverio M, von Borell F, Ramelet AS, et al. Pain and sedation management and monitoring in pediatric intensive care units across Europe: an ESPNIC survey. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):88.
Garber PM, Droege CA, Carter KE, et al. Continuous infusion ketamine for adjunctive analgosedation in mechanically ventilated. Critically Ill Patients. Pharmacotherapy. 2019;39(3):288–96.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Patanwala AE, Martin JR, Erstad BL. Ketamine for analgosedation in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. J Intensive Care Med. 2017;32(6):387–95.
Park S, Choi AY, Park E, et al. Effects of continuous ketamine infusion on hemodynamics and mortality in critically ill children. PLoS One. 2019;14(10): e0224035.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tessari A, Sperotto F, Pece F, et al. Is ketamine infusion effective and safe as an adjuvant of sedation in the PICU? Results Ketamine Infus Sedation Study (KISS). 2023;43(7):622–31.
Sperotto F, Giaretta I, Mondardini MC, et al. Ketamine prolonged infusions in the pediatric intensive care unit: a tertiary-care single-center analysis. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2021;26(1):73–80.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Heiberger AL, Ngorsuraches S, Olgun G, et al. Safety and utility of continuous ketamine infusion for sedation in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2018;23(6):447–54.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Johnson PN, Mayes R, Moore E, et al. Ketamine infusions as an adjunct for sedation in critically ill children. J Opioid Manag. 2022;18(1):57–68.
Harris J, Ramelet AS, van Dijk M, et al. Clinical recommendations for pain, sedation, withdrawal and delirium assessment in critically ill infants and children: an ESPNIC position statement for healthcare professionals. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(6):972–86.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kerson AG, DeMaria R, Mauer E, et al. Validity of the richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) in critically ill children. J Intensive Care. 2016;4:65.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997;23(3):293–7.
Edwards JD, Houtrow AJ, Vasilevskis EE, et al. Chronic conditions among children admitted to U.S. pediatric intensive care units: their prevalence and impact on risk for mortality and prolonged length of stay. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(7):2196–203.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pollack MM, Ruttimann UE, Getson PR. Pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score. Crit Care Med. 1988;16(11):1110–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Leteurtre S, Martinot A, Duhamel A, et al. Validation of the paediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score: prospective, observational, multicentre study. Lancet. 2003;362(9379):192–7.
Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Gluckman TJ, et al. Predicting extubation failure after successful completion of a spontaneous breathing trial. Respir Care. 2007;52(12):1710–7.
Silver G, Traube C, Kearney J, et al. Detecting pediatric delirium: development of a rapid observational assessment tool. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(6):1025–31.
Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, et al. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;30(2):239–45.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Golding CL, Miller JL, Gessouroun MR, et al. Ketamine continuous infusions in critically Ill infants and children. Ann Pharmacother. 2016;50(3):234–41.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Siegel EJ, Traube C. Pediatric delirium: epidemiology and outcomes. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2020;32(6):743–9.
Ista E, Traube C, de Neef M, et al. Factors associated with delirium in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2023;24(5):372–81.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sperotto F, Ramelet AS, Daverio M, et al. Assessment and management of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and delirium in pediatric intensive care units across Europe: an ESPNIC survey. Pharmacotherapy. 2023;43(8):804–15.
Shurtleff V, Radosevich JJ, Patanwala AE. Comparison of ketamine- versus nonketamine-based sedation on delirium and coma in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 2020;35(6):536–41.
Chan K, Burry LD, Tse C, et al. Impact of ketamine on analgosedative consumption in critically Ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2022;56(10):1139–58.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Flores AER, Oura KHU, Rocha PK, et al. Incidence and factors associated with delirium in children in a single pediatric intensive care unit in Brazil. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021;61:e29–34.
Gupta N, Woolley A, Talathi S, et al. Opioid use is associated with ICU delirium in mechanically ventilated children. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures). 2020;6(3):167–74.
Ricardo Ramirez C, Alvarez Gomez ML, Agudelo Velez CA, et al. Clinical characteristics, prevalence, and factors related to delirium in children of 5–14 years of age admitted to intensive care. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2019;43(3):147–55.
Comments (0)