Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr., Bigger JT, Buse JB, Cushman WC, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Grimm RH Jr., Probstfield JL, Simons-Morton DG, Friedewald WT. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2545–59.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, Woodward M, Marre M, Cooper M, Glasziou P, Grobbee D, Hamet P, Harrap S, Heller S, Liu L, Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Pan C, Poulter N, Rodgers A, Williams B, Bompoint S, de Galan BE, Joshi R, Travert F. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2560–72.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, Zieve FJ, Marks J, Davis SN, Hayward R, Warren SR, Goldman S, McCarren M, Vitek ME, Henderson WG, Huang GD. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:129–39.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Finfer S, Liu B, Chittock DR, Norton R, Myburgh JA, McArthur C, Mitchell I, Foster D, Dhingra V, Henderson WR, Ronco JJ, Bellomo R, Cook D, McDonald E, Dodek P, Hébert PC, Heyland DK, Robinson BG. Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1108–18.
Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, de Galan BE, Li Q, Billot L, Woodward M, Ninomiya T, Neal B, MacMahon S, Grobbee DE, Kengne AP, Marre M, Heller S. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1410–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Orozco-Beltrán D, Artola S, Jansà M, Lopez de la Torre-Casares M, Fuster E. Impact of hypoglycemic episodes on health-related quality of life of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: development and validation of a specific QoLHYPO© questionnaire. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16:1–13.
Fidler C, Elmelund Christensen T, Gillard S. Hypoglycemia: an overview of fear of hypoglycemia, quality-of-life, and impact on costs. J Med Econ. 2011;14:646–55.
Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Gonzalez-Gonzalez JG, Zuñiga-Hernandez JA, McCoy RG. Benefits and harms of intensive glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ. 2019;367:l5887.
Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, Peters AL, Tsapas A, Wender R, Matthews DR. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:140–9.
Imran SA, Agarwal G, Bajaj HS, Ross S. Targets for glycemic control. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(Suppl 1):S42–6.
Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, Rosas SE, Del Prato S, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, Rossing P, Tankova T, Tsapas A, Buse JB. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022;45:2753–86.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Imran SA, Agarwal G, Bajaj HS, Ross S. Targets for glycemic control. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42:S42–6.
Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, Rosas SE, Del Prato S, Mathieu C, Mingrone G. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia 2022;65:1925–1966.
Cahill LE, Warren RA, Carew AS, Levy AP, Ginsberg HN, Sapp J, Lache O, Rimm EB. The relationship between time-varying achieved HbA1c and risk of coronary events depends on haptoglobin phenotype among white and black ACCORD participants. Diabetes Care. 2023:dc230760.
Carew AS, Levy AP, Ginsberg HN, Coca S, Lache O, Ransom T, Byington R, Rimm EB, Sapp J, Gardner M. Haptoglobin phenotype modifies the influence of intensive glycemic control on cardiovascular outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:512–21.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cahill LE, Warren RA, Carew AS, Levy AP, Sapp J, Samuel M, Selvin E, Lavallée SK, Poulter N, Marre M, Harrap S, Mancia G, Harris K, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Rimm EB. Haptoglobin phenotype and intensive glycemic control for coronary artery disease risk reduction in people with type 2 diabetes: the ADVANCE study. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:835–43.
Asleh R, Levy AP, Levy NS, Asleh A, Goldenstein H, Segol I, Gulati R, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Haptoglobin phenotype is associated with high-density lipoprotein-bound hemoglobin content and coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with mild nonobstructive coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39:774–86.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cahill LE, Levy AP, Chiuve SE, Jensen MK, Wang H, Shara NM, Blum S, Howard BV, Pai JK, Mukamal KJ, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB. Haptoglobin genotype is a consistent marker of coronary heart disease risk among individuals with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:728–37.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cahill LE, Jensen MK, Chiuve SE, Shalom H, Pai JK, Flint AJ, Mukamal KJ, Rexrode KM, Levy AP, Rimm EB. The risk of coronary heart disease associated with glycosylated hemoglobin of 6.5% or greater is pronounced in the haptoglobin 2–2 genotype. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:1791–9.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Carter K, Worwood M. Haptoglobin: a review of the major allele frequencies worldwide and their association with diseases. Int J Lab Hematol. 2007;29:92–110.
Asleh R, Marsh S, Shilkrut M, Binah O, Guetta J, Lejbkowicz F, Enav B, Shehadeh N, Kanter Y, Lache O. Genetically determined heterogeneity in hemoglobin scavenging and susceptibility to diabetic cardiovascular disease. Circul Res. 2003;92:1193–200.
Group LAR. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:145–54.
Warren RA, Bancks MP, Carew AS, Levy AP, Sapp J, Bahnson J, Lewis CE, Rimm EB, Espeland MA, Cahill LE. Intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes and risk of incident coronary artery disease for the common haptoglobin phenotypes: the look AHEAD study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23:82.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Group LAR, Look AHEAD. (Action for Health in Diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Control Clin Trials. 2003;24:610–28.
Levy NS, Vardi M, Blum S, Miller-Lotan R, Afinbinder Y, Cleary PA, Paterson AD, Bharaj B, Snell-Bergeon JK, Rewers MJ, Lache O, Levy AP. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of the human haptoglobin phenotype. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2013;51:1615–22.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Warren RA, Carew AS, Andreou P, Herman C, Levy AP, Ginsberg HN, Sapp J, Rimm EB, Kirkland S, Cahill LE. Haptoglobin phenotype modifies the effect of fenofibrate on risk of coronary event: ACCORD lipid trial. Diabetes Care. 2022;45:241–50.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME. Isaacs D and Johnson EL. 6. Glycemic targets: standards of care in diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46:S97–110.
Buse JB, Group AS. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial: design and methods. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:S21–33.
Cahill LE, Warren RA, Bahn GD, Carew AS, Levy AP, Sapp J, Rimm EB, Reaven P. Haptoglobin phenotype and intensive glycemic control for coronary artery disease risk reduction in people with type two diabetes: the veterans affairs diabetes trial. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2024;18:100681.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Staals J, Pieters BM, Knottnerus IL, Rouhl RP, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Delanghe JR, Lodder J. Haptoglobin polymorphism and lacunar stroke. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2008;5:153–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Costacou T, Secrest AM, Ferrell RE, Orchard TJ. Haptoglobin genotype and cerebrovascular disease incidence in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Vasc Dis Res. 2014;11:335–42.
Melamed-Frank M, Lache O, Enav BI, Szafranek T, Levy NS, Ricklis RM, Levy AP. Structure-function analysis of the antioxidant properties of haptoglobin. Blood. 2001;98:3693–8.
Comments (0)