Ajitha MJ, Mohanlal S, Suresh CH, Jayalekshmy A (2012) DPPH radical scavenging activity of tricin and its conjugates isolated from “Njavara” rice bran: a density functional theory study. J Agric Food Chem 60:3693–3699. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf204826e

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anderson JA, Perkin AG (1931) The yellow coloring matter of Khapli wheat, Triticum dicoccum. J Chem Soc 2624–2625. https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9310002624

Awaad AS, Mohamed NH, Maitland DJ, Soliman GA (2008) Anti-ulcerogenic activity of extract and some isolated flavonoids from Desmostachia bipinnata (L.) Stapf. Rec Nat Prod 2:76–82

CAS  Google Scholar 

Baker DHB (2022) An ethnopharmacological review on the therapeutical properties of flavonoids and their mechanisms of actions: a comprehensive review based on up to date knowledge. Toxicol Rep 9:445–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.011

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cai H, Boocock DJ, Steward WP, Gescher AJ (2007) Tissue distribution in mice and metabolism in murine and human liver of apigenin and tricin, flavones with putative cancer chemopreventive properties. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 60:257–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-006-0368-5

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Collier HO, Dinneen LC, Johnson CA, Schneider C (1968) The abdominal constriction response and its suppression by analgesic drugs in the mouse. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 32:295–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb00973.x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Harborne JB, Williams CA (1976) Flavonoid patterns in leaves of the Gramineae. Biochem Syst Ecol 4:267–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(76)90051-X

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Harborne JB, Williams CA, Wilson KL (1982) Flavonoids in leaves and inflorescences of Australian Cyperus species. Phytochemistry 21:2491–2507. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85246-1

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hunskaar S, Hole K (1987) The formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain. Pain 30:103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(87)90088-1

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jiang B, Song J, Jin Y (2020) A flavonoid monomer tricin in Gramineous plants: metabolism, bio/chemosynthesis, biological properties, and toxicology. Food Chem 320:126617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126617

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li W, Wang X, Zhi W, Zhang H, He Z, Wang Y, Liu F, Niu X, Zhang X (2017) The gastroprotective effect of nobiletin against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in mice: impact on oxidative stress and inflammation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 39:354–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2017.1379088

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li XX, Chen SG, Yue GGL, Kwok HF, Lee JKM, Zheng T, Shaw PC, Simmonds MSJ, Lau CBS (2021) Natural flavone tricin exerted anti-inflammatory activity in macrophage via NF-κB pathway and ameliorated acute colitis in mice. Phytomedicine 90:153625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153625

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Matsuta T, Sakagami H, Satoh K, Kanamoto T, Terakubo S, Nakashima H, Kitajima M, Oizumi H, Oizumi T (2011) Biological activity of luteolin glycosides and tricin from Sasa senanensis Rehder. In vivo 25:757–762

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mazumder A, Yadav B, Sharma H (2021) Phytotherapy for peptic-ulcer: an overview on important Indian herbal plants having flavonoid as antiulcer activity. Plant Sci Today 8:1006–1014. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1350

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Meng TX, Irino N, Kondo R (2015) Melanin biosynthesis inhibitory activity of a compound isolated from young green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in B16 melanoma cells. J Nat Med 69:427–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-015-0902-z

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Moheb A, Grondin M, Ibrahim RK, Roy R, Sarhan F (2013) Winter wheat hull (husk) is a valuable source for tricin, a potential selective cytotoxic agent. Food Chem 138:931–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.129

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Morimoto Y, Shimohara K, Oshima S, Sukamoto T (1991) Effects of the new anti-ulcer agent KB-5492 on experimental gastric mucosal lesions and gastric mucosal defensive factors, as compared to those of teprenone and cimetidine. Jpn J Pharmacol 57:495–505. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.57.495

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Özkay ÜD, Can ÖD (2013) Anti-nociceptive effect of vitexin mediated by the opioid system in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 109:23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2013.04.014

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pinheiro MMG, Boylan F, Fernandes PD (2012) Antinociceptive effect of the Orbignya speciosa Mart. (Babassu) leaves: evidence for the involvement of apigenin. Life Sci 91:293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.013

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Selmi S, Rtibi K, Grami D, Sebai H, Marzouki L (2017) Protective effects of orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel aqueous extract and hesperidin on oxidative stress and peptic ulcer induced by alcohol in rat. Lipids Health Dis 16:152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0546-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Serafim C, Araruna ME, Júnior EA, Diniz M, Hiruma-Lima C, Batista L (2020) A review of the role of flavonoids in peptic ulcer (2010–2020). Molecules 25:5431. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225431

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shalini V, Bhaskar S, Kumar KS, Mohanlal S, Jayalekshmy A, Helen A (2012) Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of the flavonoid, tricin from Njavara rice (Oryza sativa L.) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: possible role in the inflammatory signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 14:32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.005

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tanaka T, Oyama T, Sugie S (2019) Dietary tricin suppresses inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis in mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 65:S100–S103. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.65.S100

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Williams CA, Harborne JB, Clifford HT (1973) Negatively charged flavones and tricin as chemosystematic markers in the Palmae. Phytochemistry 12:2417–2430. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80449-2

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Williams CA (1975) Biosystematics of the Monocotyledoneae - flavonoid patterns in leaves of the Liliaceae. Biochem Syst Ecol 3:229–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(75)90007-1

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Williams CA (1979) The leaf flavonoids of the Orchidaceae. Phytochemistry 18:803–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(79)80019-9

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xiao X, Wang X, Gui X, Chen L, Huang B (2016) Natural flavonoids as promising analgesic candidates: a systematic review. Chem Biodivers 13:1427–1440. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201600060

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang W, Lian Y, Li Q, Sun L, Chen R, Lai X, Lai Z, Yuan E, Sun S (2020) Preventative and therapeutic potential of flavonoids in peptic ulcers. Molecules 25:4626. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204626

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zheng R, Su S, Li J, Zhao Z, Wei J, Fu X, Liu RH (2017) Recovery of phenolics from the ethanolic extract of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) baggase and evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Ind Crops Prod 107:360–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.05.050

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhou JM, Ibrahim RK (2010) Tricin - a potential multifunctional nutraceutical. Phytochem Rev 9:413–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-009-9161-5

Article  CAS