Central Nervous System Complications of HIV in Children

Buch S, Chivero ET, Hoare J, Jumare J, Nakasujja N, Mudenda V, et al. Proceedings from the NIMH symposium on “NeuroAIDS in Africa: neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of HIV.” J Neurovirol. 2016;22(5):699–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-016-0467-y.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mpango RS, Rukundo GZ, Muyingo SK, Gadow KD, Patel V, Kinyanda E. Prevalence, correlates for early neurological disorders and association with functioning among children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2023-9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johnson TP, Patel K, Johnson KR, Maric D, Calabresi PA, Hasbun R, et al. Induction of IL-17 and nonclassical T-cell activation by HIV-Tat protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(33):13588–93. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1308673110.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang B, Akhter S, Chaudhuri A, Kanmogne GD. HIV-1 gp120 induces cytokine expression, leukocyte adhesion, and transmigration across the blood-brain barrier: modulatory effects of STAT1 signaling. Microvasc Res. 2009;77(2):212–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2008.11.003.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dhaka G, Sherwal BL, Saxena S, Rai Y, Chandra J. Current trends in opportunistic infections in children living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS. 2017;38(2):142–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/2589-0557.216992.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shafiq M, Mathad JS, Naik S, Alexander M, Yadana S, Araújo-Pereira M, et al. Association of maternal inflammation during pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant growth among women with or without HIV in India. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2140584. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40584.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vyas P, Mathad JS, Leu CS, Naik S, Alexander M, Araújo-Pereira M, et al. Impact of HIV status on systemic inflammation during pregnancy. AIDS. 2021;35(14):2259–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000003016.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robertson KR, Su Z, Margolis DM, Krambrink A, Havlir DV, Evans S, et al. Neurocognitive effects of treatment interruption in stable HIV-positive patients in an observational cohort. Neurology. 2010;74(16):1260–6. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d9ed09.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Janssen RS, Nwanyanwu OC, Selik RM, Stehr-Green JK. Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy in the United States. Neurology. 1992;42(8):1472–6. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.42.8.1472.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saylor D, Nakigozi G, Nakasujja N, Robertson K, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, et al. Peripheral neuropathy in HIV-infected and uninfected patients in Rakai, Uganda. Neurology. 2017;89(5):485–91. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004136.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Benjamin-Damons NA. An investigation of HIV sensory neuropathy in children living with HIV. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand; 2019.

Google Scholar 

Mekonnen GB, Birhane BM, Engdaw MT, Kindie W, Ayele AD, Wondim A. Predictors of a high incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: a multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1107321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1107321.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Melkamu MW, Gebeyehu MT, Afenigus AD, Hibstie YT, Temesgen B, Petrucka P, et al. Incidence of common opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children on ART at Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4772-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Candiani TM, Pinto J, Cardoso CA, Carvalho IR, Dias AC, Carneiro M, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of opportunistic infections, hospitalizations and mortality among children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(Suppl 3):S414–23. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007001500009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vreeman RC, McCoy BM, Lee S. Mental health challenges among adolescents living with HIV. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(Suppl 3):21497. https://doi.org/10.7448/ias.20.4.21497.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patil G, Mbewe EG, Kabundula PP, Smith H, Mwanza-Kabaghe S, Buda A, et al. Longitudinal cognitive outcomes in children with HIV in Zambia: 2-year outcomes from the HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Zambia (HANDZ) Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022;91(2):217–25. https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000003052.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mitchell W. Neurological and developmental effects of HIV and AIDS in children and adolescents. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2001;7(3):211–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.1029.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper ER, Hanson C, Diaz C, Mendez H, Abboud R, Nugent R, et al. Encephalopathy and progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease in a cohort of children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Women and Infants Transmission Study Group. J Pediatr. 1998;132(5):808–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70308-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Walker SY, Pierre RB, Christie CD, Chang SM. Neurocognitive function in HIV-positive children in a developing country. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17(10):e862–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.02.014.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koekkoek S, de Sonneville LM, Wolfs TF, Licht R, Geelen SP. Neurocognitive function profile in HIV-infected school-age children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2008;12(4):290–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2007.09.002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Opstal SEM, Dogterom EJ, Wagener MN, Aarsen FK, Miedema HS, Roelofs P, et al. Neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning of children with perinatal HIV-infection in the Netherlands. Viruses. 2021;13(10):1947. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13101947.

Gm A, Assefa G. Clinical and neuroimaging profile of HIV-1 encephalopathy in infancy and childhood in a sub-Saharan African country. Ethiop Med J. 2012;50(4):337–47.

Google Scholar 

Donald KA, Walker KG, Kilborn T, Carrara H, Langerak NG, Eley B, et al. HIV encephalopathy: pediatric case series description and insights from the clinic coalface. AIDS Res Ther. 2015;12(1):2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-014-0042-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Epstein LG, Sharer LR, Oleske JM, Connor EM, Goudsmit J, Bagdon L, et al. Neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. Pediatrics. 1986;78(4):678–87.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chiriboga CA, Fleishman S, Champion S, Gaye-Robinson L, Abrams EJ. Incidence and prevalence of HIV encephalopathy in children with HIV infection receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). J Pediatr. 2005;146(3):402–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.10.021.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Innes S, Laughton B, van Toorn R, Otwombe K, Liberty A, Dobbels E, et al. Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020;62(11):1309–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14639.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mbewe EG, Kabundula PP, Mwanza-Kabaghe S, Buda A, Adams HR, Schneider C, et al. Socioeconomic status and cognitive function in children with HIV: evidence from the HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Zambia (HANDZ) Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022;89(1):56–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000002825.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brew BJ, Dunbar N, Pemberton L, Kaldor J. Predictive markers of AIDS dementia complex: CD4 cell count and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(2):294–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/174.2.294.

Article  CAS  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif