Survival of xenograft kidneys in allosensitized recipients is extended when using kidneys from pigs with multiple genetic changes. This observation suggests that highly allosensitized patients could obtain great benefit from clinical implementation of xenotransplantation.

In this preclinical, non-human primate study, rhesus macaques were first highly allosensitized. Next, five of these macaques received a kidney from a GGTA1-knockout pig expressing the human CD55 transgene (1KO.1TG). These macaques received an anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody-based immunosuppressive regimen. Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occurred early in these animals, with a mean survival time of 24 days.