Combaz-Söhnchen N, Kuhn A. A Systematic Review of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in Urogynaecology. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2017;77(12):1299–303. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119687.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Valentine-King MA, Brown MB. Antibacterial Resistance in Ureaplasma Species and Mycoplasma hominis Isolates from Urine Cultures in College-Aged Females. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(10):e01104-e1117. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01104-17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hudson MM, Talbot MD. Ureaplasma urealyticum. Int J STD AIDS. 1997;8(9):546–51. https://doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920767.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Olson E, Gupta K, Van Der Pol B, Galbraith JW, Geisler WM. Mycoplasma genitalium infection in women reporting dysuria: A pilot study and review of the literature. Int J STD AIDS. 2021;32(13):1196–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624211030040.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Romero R, Garite TJ. Twenty percent of very preterm neonates (23–32 weeks of gestation) are born with bacteremia caused by genital Mycoplasmas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198(1):1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.031.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grenabo L, Hedelin H, Pettersson S. Urinary infection stones caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum: a review. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1988;53:46–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shafi H, Shahandeh Z, Heidari B, Sedigiani F, Ramaji AA, Pasha YR, Kassaeian AA, Pasha AA, Mir MM. Bacteriological study and structural composition of staghorn stones removed by the anatrophic nephrolithotomic procedure. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2013;24(2):418–23. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-2442.109623.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Potts JM, Ward AM, Rackley RR. Association of chronic urinary symptoms in women and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Urology. 2000;55(4):486–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00555-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Horner P, Donders- G, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Jensen JS, Unemo M. Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? - a position statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(11):1845–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15146.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Latthe PM, Toozs-Hobson P, Gray J. Mycoplasma and ureaplasma colonisation in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;28(5):519–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610802097690.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Szlachta-McGinn A, Douglass KM, Chung UYR, Jackson NJ, Nickel JC, Ackerman AL. Molecular Diagnostic Methods Versus Conventional Urine Culture for Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2022;2(44):113–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2022.08.009.

Article  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372: n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crescenze I, Shah P, Adams G, Pelletier Cameron A, Stoffel J, Barboglio Romo P, Gupta P, Clemens Q. MP15–05 Treatment Outcomes Of Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma Species Isolated From Patients with Pain And Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. J Urol. 2018;199(4S):1–1250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.518.

Article  Google Scholar 

Colleen S, Luttropp W, Mårdh PA, Ripa T. The microbial flora of the urogenital tract in women with symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infection. The non-influence of methenamine hippurate treatment on the idigenous flora. Invest Urol. 1978;15(5):367–71.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tait J, Peddie BA, Bailey RR, Arnold EP, Russell GL, Bishop VA, Burry AF. Urethral syndrome (abacterial cystitis)–search for a pathogen. Br J Urol. 1985;57(5):552–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1985.tb05865.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vlasic-Matas J, Raos H, Vuckovic M, Radic S, Capkun V. Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections. Nephrol Renal Dis. 2019;4:1–4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Meyrier A. Sampling and evaluation of voided urine in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in adults. UpToDate. Accessed 6 Jan 2024.

Hooton TM. The epidemiology of urinary tract infection and the concept of significant bacteriuria. Infection. 1990;18(Suppl 2):S40–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01643424.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim MS, Lee DH, Kim TJ, Oh JJ, Rhee SR, Park DS, Yu YD. The role of Ureaplasma parvum serovar-3 or serovar-14 infection in female patients with chronic micturition urethral pain and recurrent microscopic hematuria. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;1:96–108. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-20-920.

Article  Google Scholar 

Humburg J, Frei R, Wight E, Troeger C. Accuracy of urethral swab and urine analysis for the detection of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285(4):1049–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-2109-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar