Gavriatopoulou, M. et al. Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection. Clin. Exp. Med. 20, 493–506 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Salinas, S. & Simonin, Y. [Neurological damage linked to coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses]. Med.Sci. (Paris) 36, 775–782 (2020).
Koralnik, I. J. & Tyler, K. L. COVID-19: a global threat to the nervous system. Ann. Neurol. 88, 1–11 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Iadecola, C., Anrather, J. & Kamel, H. Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system. Cell 183, 16–27 e11 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Helms, J. et al. Delirium and encephalopathy in severe COVID-19: a cohort analysis of ICU patients. Crit. Care 24, 491 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Varatharaj, A. et al. Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. Lancet Psychiatry 7, 875–882 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rogers, J. P. et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry 7, 611–627 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nagu, P., Parashar, A., Behl, T. & Mehta, V. CNS implications of COVID-19: a comprehensive review. Rev. Neurosci. 32, 219–234 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Baker, H. A., Safavynia, S. A. & Evered, L. A. The ‘third wave’: impending cognitive and functional decline in COVID-19 survivors. Br. J. Anaesth. 126, 44–47 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Taquet, M., Geddes, J. R., Husain, M., Luciano, S. & Harrison, P. J. 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Psychiatry 8, 416–427 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hellmuth, J. et al. Persistent COVID-19-associated neurocognitive symptoms in non-hospitalized patients. J. Neurovirol. 27, 191–195 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Douaud, G. et al. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04569-5 (2022)
Blazhenets, G. et al. Slow but evident recovery from neocortical dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a series of chronic COVID-19 patients. J. Nucl. Med. 62, 910–915 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Taquet, M. et al. Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients. Lancet Psychiatry 9, 815–827 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Monje, M. & Iwasaki, A. The neurobiology of long COVID. Neuron 110, 3484–3496 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Stein, S. R. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy. Nature 612, 758–763 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ramani, A., Pranty, A. I. & Gopalakrishnan, J. Neurotropic effects of SARS-CoV-2 modeled by the human brain organoids. Stem Cell Rep. 16, 373–384 (2021).
Song, E. et al. Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. J. Exp. Med. 218, e20202135 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Qian, X., Song, H. & Ming, G. L. Brain organoids: advances, applications and challenges. Development 146, dev166074 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hodge, R. D. et al. Conserved cell types with divergent features in human versus mouse cortex. Nature 573, 61–68 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Brola, W. & Wilski, M. Neurological consequences of COVID-19. Pharmacol. Rep. 74, 1208–1222 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Antony, A. R. & Haneef, Z. Systematic review of EEG findings in 617 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Seizure 83, 234–241 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kubota, T., Gajera, P. K. & Kuroda, N. Meta-analysis of EEG findings in patients with COVID-19. Epilepsy Behav. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107682 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lin, L. et al. Electroencephalographic abnormalities are common in COVID-19 and are associated with outcomes. Ann. Neurol. 89, 872–883 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yang, A. C. et al. Dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types in severe COVID-19. Nature 595, 565–571 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Samudyata et al. SARS-CoV-2 promotes microglial synapse elimination in human brain organoids. Mol. Psychiatry https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01786-2 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Partiot, E. et al. Organotypic culture of human brain explants as a preclinical model for AI-driven antiviral studies. EMBO Mol. Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44321-024-00039-9 (2024).
O’Sullivan, M. L. et al. FLRT proteins are endogenous latrophilin ligands and regulate excitatory synapse development. Neuron 73, 903–910 (2012).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sando, R. & Sudhof, T. C. Latrophilin GPCR signaling mediates synapse formation. Elife 10, e65717 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rothe, J. et al. Involvement of the adhesion GPCRs latrop–hilins in the regulation of insulin release. Cell Rep. 26, 1573–1584 e1575 (2019).
Ramani, A. et al. SARS-CoV-2 targets neurons of 3D human brain organoids. EMBO J. 39, e106230 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ferren, M. et al. Hamster organotypic modeling of SARS-CoV-2 lung and brainstem infection. Nat. Commun. 12, 5809 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bauer, L. et al. The neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism, and neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2. Trends Neurosci. 45, 358–368 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zivaljic, M., et al. Poor sensitivity of iPSC-derived neural progenitors and glutamatergic neurons to SARS-CoV-2. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.25.501370 (2022)
Koopmans, F. et al. SynGO: an evidence-based, expert-curated knowledge base for the synapse. Neuron 103, 217–234 e214 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Beckman, D. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects neurons and induces neuroinflammation in a non-human primate model of COVID-19. Cell Rep. 41, 111573 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xie, X. et al. An infectious cDNA clone of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe 27, 841–848 e843 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Corman, V. M. et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill. 25, 2000045 (2020).
Comments (0)