Schoonjans K, Staels B, Auwerx J. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARS) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996;1302:93–109.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Staels B, Dallongeville J, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Leitersdorf E, Fruchart JC. Mechanism of action of fibrates on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Circulation. 1998;98:2088–93.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kliewer SA, Lehmann JM, Willson TM. Orphan nuclear receptors: shifting endocrinology into reverse. Science. 1999;284:757–60.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yoon M, Jeong S, Nicol CJ, Lee H, Han M, Kim JJ, et al. Fenofibrate regulates obesity and lipid metabolism with sexual dimorphism. Exp Mol Med. 2002;34:481–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jeong S, Kim M, Han M, Lee H, Ahn J, Kim M, et al. Fenofibrate prevents obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice. Metabolism. 2004;53:607–13.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jeong S, Yoon M. Fenofibrate inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance by activating adipose PPARalpha in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Exp Mol Med. 2009;41:397–405.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lundgren M, Svensson M, Lindmark S, Renström F, Ruge T, Eriksson JW. Fat cell enlargement is an independent marker of insulin resistance and ‘hyperleptinaemia. Diabetologia. 2007;50:625–33.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Smith U. Abdominal obesity: a marker of ectopic fat accumulation. J Clin Invest. 2015;125:1790–2.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, Tan G, Yang D, Chou CJ, et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:1821–30.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW Jr. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:1796–808.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:415–45.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lumeng CN, Saltiel AR. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:2111–7.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee BC, Lee J. Cellular and molecular players in adipose tissue inflammation in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1842:446–62.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cancello R, Tordjman J, Poitou C, Guilhem G, Bouillot JL, Hugol D, et al. Increased infiltration of macrophages in omental adipose tissue is associated with marked hepatic lesions in morbid human obesity. Diabetes. 2006;55:1554–61.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ehses JA, Perren A, Eppler E, Ribaux P, Pospisilik JA, Maor-Cahn R, et al. Increased number of islet-associated macrophages in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2007;56:2356–70.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Butcher MJ, Hallinger D, Garcia E, Machida Y, Chakrabarti S, Nadler J, et al. Association of proinflammatory cytokines and islet resident leucocytes with islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2014;57(3):491–501.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ying W, Lee YS, Dong Y, Seidman JS, Yang M, Isaac R, et al. Expansion of islet-resident macrophages leads to inflammation affecting β cell proliferation and function in obesity. Cell Metab. 2019;29:457–74.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ying W, Fu W, Lee YS, Olefsky JM. The role of macrophages in obesity-associated islet inflammation and β-cell abnormalities. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16:81–90.
Horii T, Fujita Y, Ishibashi C, Fukui K, Eguchi H, Kozawa J, et al. Islet inflammation is associated with pancreatic fatty infiltration and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020;8:e001508.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ren Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Sun X, Wang B, Zhao Y, et al. Association of menopause and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Menopause. 2019;26:325–30.
Jaballah A, Soltani I, Bahia W, Dandana A, Hasni Y, Miled A, et al. The Relationship between menopause and metabolic syndrome: experimental and bioinformatics analysis. Biochem Genet. 2021;59:1558–81.
Ali D, Figeac F, Caci A, Ditzel N, Schmal C, Kerckhofs G, et al. High-fat diet-induced obesity augments the deleterious effects of estrogen deficiency on bone: Evidence from ovariectomized mice. Aging Cell. 2022;21:e13726.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jeong S, Yoon M. Inhibition of the actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha on obesity by estrogen. Obesity. 2007;15:1430–40.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fraulob JC, Ogg-Diamantino R, Fernandes-Santos C, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. A mouse model of metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance, fatty liver and non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) in C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010;46:212–23.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yoon M. The role of PPARalpha in lipid metabolism and obesity: focusing on the effects of estrogen on PPARalpha actions. Pharm Res. 2009;60:151–9.
Kwon H, Pessin JE. Adipokines mediate inflammation and insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol. 2013;4:71.
Rehman K, Akash MS. Mechanisms of inflammatory responses and development of insulin resistance: how are they interlinked? J Biomed Sci. 2016;23:87.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Janochova K, Haluzik M, Buzga M. Visceral fat and insulin resistance-what we know? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2019;163:19–27.
Engin AB. Adipocyte-macrophage cross-talk in obesity. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;960:327–43.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cinti S, Mitchell G, Barbatelli G, Murano I, Ceresi E, Faloia E, et al. Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. J Lipid Res. 2005;46:2347–55.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cildir G, Akıncılar SC, Tergaonkar V. Chronic adipose tissue inflammation: all immune cells on the stage. Trends Mol Med. 2013;19:487–500.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
De Taeye BM, Novitskaya T, McGuinness OP, Gleaves L, Medda M, Covington JW, et al. Macrophage TNF-alpha contributes to insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293:E713–25.
Apovian CM, Bigornia S, Mott M, Meyers MR, Ulloor J, Gagua M, et al. Adipose macrophage infiltration is associated with insulin resistance and vascular endothelial dysfunction in obese subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1654–9.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ruan H, Lodish HF. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue: direct and indirect effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2003;14:447–55.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Akash MSH, Rehman K, Liaqat A. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha: role in development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. J Cell Biochem. 2018;119:105–10.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hernandez R, Teruel T, de Alvaro C, Lorenzo M. Rosiglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance in brown adipocytes of Wistar rats by impairing TNF-alpha induction of p38 and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Diabetologia. 2004;47:1615–24.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jiang G, Dallas-Yang Q, Liu F, Moller DE, Zhang BB. Salicylic acid reverses phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) serine 307 phosphorylation and insulin resistance in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:180–6.
Comments (0)