A Clinical Demonstration of Individualized Restraint Fading

Ayvaci, A., Cox, A. D. & Mitteer, D. (2025). Factors associated with restraint application in children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities displaying severe challenging behavior. Behavior Modification.

Behavior Analyst Certification Board. (2020). Ethics code for behavior analysts. https://bacb.com/wp-content/ethics-code-for-behavior-analysts/. Accessed 5 Jan 2025.

Bowring, D. L., Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Toogood, S., & Griffith, G. M. (2017). Challenging behaviours in adults with an intellectual disability: A total population study and exploration of risk indices. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12118

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Busch, L. P. A., Saini, V., Zorzos, C., & Duyile, L. (2018). Treatment of life-threatening pica with 5-year follow-up. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2(4), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-018-0053-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Cox, A. D., Pritchard, D., Penney, H., Eiri, L., & Dyer, T. J. (2022). Demonstrating an analyses of clinical data evaluating psychotropic medication reductions and the ACHIEVE! program in adolescents with severe problem behavior. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 45(1), 125–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-020-00279-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cox, A. D., & Virues-Ortega, J. (2022). Long-term functional stability of problem behavior exposed to psychotropic medications. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 55(1), 214–229. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.873

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Critchfield, T. S., & Reed, D. D. (2017). The fuzzy concept of applied behavior analysis research. The Behavior Analyst, 40(1), 123–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-017-0093-x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deb, S., Roy, M., & Limbu, B. (2023). Pharmacological management of psychopathology in people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism spectrum disorder. Bjpsych Advances, 29(5), 322–333. https://doi.org/10.1192/bja.2022.61

Article  Google Scholar 

Deshais, M. A., Fisher, A. B., Hausman, N. L., & Kahng, S. (2015). Further investigation of a rapid restraint analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 48(4), 845–859. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.251

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Emerson, E., & Einfeld, S. L. (2011). Challenging Behavior. Cambridge University Press.

Book  Google Scholar 

Fisher, W. W., Piazza, C. C., Bowman, L. G., Hanley, G. P., & Adelinis, J. D. (1997). Direct and collateral effects of restraints and restraint fading. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1997.30-105

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fitton, L., & Jones, D. R. (2020). Restraint of adults with intellectual disabilities: A critical review of the prevalence and characteristics associated with its use. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 24(2), 268–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629518778695

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fontes, R. M., & Shahan, T. A. (2021). Punishment and its putative fallout: A reappraisal. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 115(1), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.653

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Foxx, R. M. (2003). The treatment of dangerous behavior. Behavioral Interventions, 18(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.127

Article  Google Scholar 

Fuhrman, A. M., Lambert, J. M., & Greer, B. D. (2022). A brief review of expanded-operant treatments for mitigating resurgence. The Psychological Record, 72(2), 319–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-021-00456-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghaemmaghami, M., Hanley, G. P., & Jessel, J. (2021). Functional communication training: From efficacy to effectiveness. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 54(1), 122–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.762

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gover, H. C., Fahmie, T. A., & McKeown, C. A. (2019). A review of environmental enrichment as treatment for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 52(1), 299–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.508

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hagopian, L. P. (2020). The consecutive controlled case series: Design, data-analytics, and reporting methods supporting the study of generality. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 53(2), 596–619. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.691

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heyvaert, M., Saenen, L., Maes, B., & Onghena, P. (2014). Systematic review of restraint interventions for challenging behavior among persons with intellectual disabilities: Focus on effectiveness in single-case experiments. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(6), 493–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12094

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kurtz, P. F., Leoni, M., & Hagopian, L. P. (2020). Behavioral approaches to assessment and early intervention for severe problem behavior in intellectual and developmental disabilities. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 67(3), 499–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2020.02.005

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leif, E. S., Kelenc-Gasior, N., Bloomfield, B. S., Furlonger, B., & Fox, R. A. (2024). A systematic review of social-validity assessments in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis: 2010–2020. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 75(3), 542–559. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.1092

Article  Google Scholar 

Lloyd, B. P., Torelli, J. N., & Symons, F. J. (2016). Issues in integrating psychotropic and intensive behavioral interventions for students with emotional and behavioral challenges in schools. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 24(3), 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426616636346

Article  Google Scholar 

Luiselli, J. K. (2012). Therapeutic implementation of physical restraint. In J. K. Luiselli (Ed.), The handbook of high-risk challenging behaviors in intellectual and developmental disabilities (pp. 243–256). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

Luiselli, J. K., Pace, G. M., & Dunn, E. K. (2006). Effects of behavior-contingent and fixed-time release contingencies on frequency and duration of therapeutic restraint. Behavior Modification, 30(4), 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445504267400

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mitteer, D. R., Romani, P. W., Greer, B. D., & Fisher, W. W. (2015). Assessment and treatment of pica and destruction of holiday decorations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 48(4), 912–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.255

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morgan, A. C., Wilder, D. A., Podlesnik, C. A., & Kelley, M. E. (2017). Evaluation of an arm-splint belt to reduce self-injury. Behavioral Interventions, 32(3), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.1469

Article  Google Scholar 

Newcomb, E. T., & Hagopian, L. P. (2018). Treatment of severe problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities. International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 30(1), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2018.1435513

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parsons, M. B., Rollyson, J. H., & Reid, D. H. (2012). Evidence-based staff training: A guide for practitioners. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 5(2), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03391819

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Petursson, P. I., & Eldevik, S. (2019). Functional analysis and communication training to reduce problem behavior and time in restraint: A case study. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 19(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000139

Article  Google Scholar 

Podlesnik, C. A., Kelley, M. E., Jimenez-Gomez, C., & Bouton, M. E. (2017). Renewed behavior produced by context change and its implications for treatment maintenance: A review. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 50(3), 675–697. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.400

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poppes, P., Van Der Putten, A. J. J., & Vlaskamp, C. (2010). Frequency and severity of challenging behavior in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31(6), 1269–1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.017

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reed, F. D. D., & Lovett, B. J. (2007). Views on the efficacy and ethics of punishment: Results from a national survey. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 4(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100832

Article  Google Scholar 

Scheifes, A., Walraven, S., Stolker, J. J., Nijman, H. L. I., Egberts, T. C. G., & Heerdink, E. R. (2016). Adverse events and the relation with quality of life in adults with intellectual disability and challenging behavior using psychotropic drugs. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 49–50, 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.017

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shahan, T. A., & Sweeney, M. M. (2011). A model of resurgence based on behavioral momentum theory. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 95(1), 91–108.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thillainathan, T., Linder, B., & Cox, A. D. (2024). Program evaluation of a specialized treatment home for adults with severe challenging behavior. Behavioral Interventions, 39(4), Article e2059. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.2059

Article  Google Scholar 

Valentino, A. L., & Juanico, J. F. (2020). Overcoming barriers to

Comments (0)

No login
gif