Adams KF Jr, Butler J, Patterson JH, Schwartz TA, van Veldhuisen DJ, Gattis Stough W, Bauman JL, Sabbah H, Mackowiak JI, Ventura HO, Ghali JK (2016) Dose response characterization of the association of serum digoxin concentration with mortality outcomes in the digitalis investigation group trial. Eur J Heart Fail 18:1072–1081

Aktories K, Förstermann U, Hofmann F, Starke K, Forth W, Urban-&-Fischer-Verlag (2017) Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie für Studenten der Medizin, Veterinärmedizin, Pharmazie, Chemie und Biologie sowie für Ärzte, Tierärzte und Apotheker. 12 Auflage. Urban&Fischer Elsevier, München

Ammon HPT, Hunnius C (2021) Hunnius Pharmazeutisches Wörterbuch. De Gruyter, Berlin Boston

Ankermann T (2020) Dosierungstabellen für Digitalispräparate in der Kinderkardiologie. In: Hoffmann GF, Lentze MJ, Spranger J, Zepp F, Berner R (eds) Pädiatrie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60300-0_350

Anonymous (2025) Digoxin conversion calculator to nmol/L, µg/L, µg/dL, µg/100mL, µg%, ng/mL units. Online converter from conventional to SI units. https://unitslab.com/node/176. Accessed 22 Apr 2025

Bauersachs J, Maier L, ter Horst N, Bavendiek U (2022) Lieferengpass digitoxin stellungnahme der deutschen gesellschaft für kardiologie. Die Kardiologie 17:39–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/12181-022-00585-x 

Begley CG, Ashton M, Baell J, Bettess M, Brown MP, Carter B, Charman WN, Davis C, Fisher S, Frazer I, Gautam A, Jennings MP, Kearney P, Keeffe E, Kelly D, Lopez AF, McGuckin M, Parker MW, Rayner C, Roberts B, Rush JS, Sullivan M (2021) Drug repurposing: misconceptions, challenges, and opportunities for academic researchers. Science Translational Medicine 13:eabd5524. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5524

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bejček J, Spiwok V, Kmoníčková E, Rimpelová S (2021) Na+/K+-ATPase revisited: on its mechanism of action, role in cancer, and activity modulation. Molecules 26:1905. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071905

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernal Masferrer L, Gracia Cazaña T, Bernad Alonso I, Álvarez-Salafranca M, Almenara Blasco M, Gallego Rentero M, Juarranz de la Fuente Á, Gilaberte Y (2024) Topical immunotherapy for actinic keratosis and field cancerization. Cancers (Basel) 16:1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061133

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Birks EJ, Drakos SG, Patel SR, Lowes BD, Selzman CH, Starling RC, Trivedi J, Slaughter MS, Alturi P, Goldstein D, Maybaum S, Um JY, Margulies KB, Stehlik J, Cunningham C, Farrar DJ, Rame JE (2020) Prospective multicenter study of myocardial recovery using left ventricular assist devices (RESTAGE-HF [Remission from Stage D Heart Failure]). Circulation 142:2016. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.046415

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blaschek W, Ebel S, Hackenthal E, Holzgrabe U, Keller K, Reichling J, Schulz V (eds) (2007) Hagers Enzyklopädie der Arzneistoffe und Drogen. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin, p 6

Crezee T, Tesselaar MH, Nagarajah J, Corver WE, Morreau J, Pritchard C, Kimura S, Kuiper JG, van Engen-van Grunsven I, Smit JWA, Netea-Maier RT, Plantinga TS (2021) Digoxin treatment reactivates in vivo radioactive iodide uptake and correlates with favorable clinical outcome in non-medullary thyroid cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 44:611–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-021-00588-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

David MNV, Shetty M, Digoxin (2024) In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing;  Treasure Island, Florida https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556025/

Diedrich JT, Drey EA, Newmann SJ (2020) Society of family planning clinical recommendations: cervical preparation for dilation and evacuation at 20–24 weeks’ gestation. Contraception 101:286–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2020.01.002

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Drey EA, Thomas LJ, Benowitz NL, Goldschlager N, Darney PD (2000) Safety of intra-amniotic digoxin administration before late second-trimester abortion by dilation and evacuation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182:1063–1066. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2000.105438

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebner T, Ishiguro N, Taub ME (2015) The use of transporter probe drug cocktails for the assessment of transporter-based drug-drug interactions in a clinical setting proposal of a four component transporter cocktail. JPharmSci 104:3220–3228. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24489

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

El-Mahdy NA, Tadros MG, El-Masry TA, Binsaleh AY, Alsubaie N, Alrossies A, Abd Elhamid MI, Osman EY, Shalaby HM, Saif DS (2024) Efficacy of the cardiac glycoside digoxin as an adjunct to csDMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 15:1445708. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1445708

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frankel AE, Eskiocak U, Gill JG, Yuan S, Ramesh V, Froehlich TW, Ahn C, Morrison SJ (2017) Digoxin plus trametinib therapy achieves disease control in BRAF wild-type metastatic melanoma patients. Neoplasia 19:255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2017.01.010

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gariepy AM, Chen BA, Hohmann HL, Achilles SL, Russo JA, Creinin MD (2013) Transvaginal administration of intraamniotic digoxin prior to dilation and evacuation. Contraception 87:76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2012.07.019

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gordeuk VR, Miasnikova GY, Sergueeva AI, Lorenzo FR, Zhang X, Song J, Stockton DW, Prchal JT (2020) Thrombotic risk in congenital erythrocytosis due to up-regulated hypoxia sensing is not associated with elevated hematocrit. Haematologica 105:e87–e90. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2019.216267

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guerrero A, Herranz N, Sun B, Wagner V, Gallage S, Guiho R, Wolter K, Pombo J, Irvine EE, Innes AJ, Birch J, Glegola J, Manshaei S, Heide D, Dharmalingam G, Harbig J, Olona A, Behmoaras J, Dauch D, Uren AG, Zender L, Vernia S, Martínez-Barbera JP, Heikenwalder M, Withers DJ et al (2019) Cardiac glycosides are broad-spectrum senolytics. Nat Metab 1:1074–1088. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-019-0122-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hartley C, Hartley M, Pardoe I, Knight A (2006) Ionic contra-viral therapy (ICVT); a new approach to the treatment of DNA virus infections. Arch Virol 151:2495–2501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-006-0824-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huisman BW, Nené LE, Linders FL, Gambrah TK, van Der Kolk TN, de Kam ML, Bavinck JN, Burggraaf J, Feiss G, Rissmann R (2022) No effect of topical digoxin and furosemide for patients with actinic keratosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 37:e172-e174. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.18624

Jackson RA, Teplin VL, Drey EA, Thomas LJ, Darney PD (2001) Digoxin to facilitate late second-trimester abortion: a randomized, masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 97:471–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(00)01148-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jain S, Vaidyanathan B (2009) Digoxin in management of heart failure in children: should it be continued or relegated to the history books? Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2:149–152. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2069.58317

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jamshed F, Dashti F, Ouyang X, Mehal WZ, Banini BA (2023) New uses for an old remedy: digoxin as a potential treatment for steatohepatitis and other disorders. World J Gastroenterol 29:1824. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i12.1824

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jourdan J, Bureau R, Rochais C, Dallemagne P (2020) Drug repositioning: a brief overview. J Pharm Pharmacol 72:1145–1151. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13273

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kapp N, Borgatta L, Stubblefield P, Vragovic O, Moreno N (2007) Mifepristone in second-trimester medical abortion: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 110(6):1304–1310. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000289577.32274.a5

Karow T, Lang-Roth R (2023) Allgemeine und spezielle pharmakologie und toxikologie vorlesungsorientierte darstellung und klinischer leitfaden für studium und praxis: 202425, 32nd edn. Thomas Karow Verlag, Köln

Kayali F, Kloecker G, Janjua Laber, Miller (2011) Phase II trial of second-line erlotinib and digoxin for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). OAJCT. https://doi.org/10.2147/oajct.s16347

Kepp O, Menger L, Vacchelli E, Adjemian S, Martins I, Ma Y, Sukkurwala AQ, Michaud M, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G (2012) Anticancer Activity of Cardiac Glycosides Oncoimmunology 1:1640–1642. https://doi.org/10.4161/onci.21684

Khattab F, Essam R, Elhadidy RF, Anis N (2024) Intralesional combined digoxin and furosemide versus intralesional 5-flurouracil for the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts: a prospective, randomized study. Arch Dermatol Res 316:411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-024-03014-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kometiani P, Liu L, Askari A (2005) Digitalis-induced signaling by Na+/K+-ATPase in human breast cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 67:929–936. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.104.007302

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kumar KR, Flair A, Thompson EJ, Zimmerman KO, Andersen ND, Hill KD, Hornik CP (2022) Association between digoxin use and cardiac function in infants with single ventricle congenital heart disease during the interstage period. Pediatr Crit Care Med 23:453–463. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000002946

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee J, Baek S, Lee J, Lee J, Lee D, Park M, Cho M, Park S, Kwok S (2015) Digoxin ameliorates autoimmune arthritis via suppression of Th17 differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 26:103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.017

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li D, Wang Y, Li C, Wang Q, Sun B, Zhang H, He Z, Sun J (2021) Cancer-specific calcium nanoregulator suppressing the generation and circulation of circulating tumor cell clusters for enhanced anti-metastasis combinational chemotherapy. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 11:3262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.009

Article  CAS