Is Familial Expressed Emotion Associated with Self-Harm and Suicidality in Childhood and Adolescence? A Systematic Review

Abbasian, M., Pourshahbaz, A., Taremian, F., & Poursharifi, H. (2021). The role of psychological factors in non-suicidal self-injury of female adolescents. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, 15(1), e101562. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.101562

Article  Google Scholar 

Adams, D. M., Overholser, J. C., & Spirito, A. (1994). Stressful life events associated with adolescent suicide attempts. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 39(1), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900109

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adrian, M., Berk, M. S., Korslund, K., Whitlock, K., McCauley, E., & Linehan, M. (2018). Parental validation and invalidation predict adolescent self-harm. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 49(4), 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000200

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aitken, M., Perquier, F., Park, B., Carvalho, D., Wright-Hughes, A., Cottrell, D., & Szatmari, P. (2025). Trajectories of parent criticism across treatment for youth self-harm. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14144

Aman, M. G., Tassé, M. J., Rojahn, J., & Hammer, D. (1996). The Nisonger CBRF: A child behavior rating form for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(95)00039-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amaresha, A. C., & Venkatasubramanian, G. (2012). Expressed emotion in schizophrenia: An overview. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.96149

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ammerman, B. A., & Brown, S. (2018). The mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between parental expressed emotion and NSSI. Current Psychology, 37(1), 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9516-1

Anderson, M. (1999). Waiting for harm: Deliberate self-harm and suicide in young people—A review of the literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 6, 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.1999.620091.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asarnow, J.R., Tompson, M., Woo, S., & Cantwell, D.P. (2001). Is expressed emotion a specific risk factor for depression or a nonspecific correlate of psychopathology? J Abnorm Child Psychol, 29, 573–558. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012237411007

Axelson, D. A., Birmaher, B. J., Brent, D., Wassick, S., Hoover, C., Bridge, J., & Ryan, N. (2003). A preliminary study of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children mania rating scale for children and adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 13, 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1089/104454603322724850

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baetens, I., Claes, L., Hasking, P., Smits, D., Grietens, H., Onghena, P., & Martin, G. (2015). The relationship between parental expressed emotions and non-suicidal self-injury: The mediating roles of self-criticism and depression. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(2), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9861-8

Article  Google Scholar 

Baker, B. L., Heller, T. L., & Henker, B. (2000). Expressed emotion, parenting stress, and adjustment in mothers of young children with behavior problems. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41(7), 907–915. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00678

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barrowclough, C., Johnston, M., & Tarrier, N. (1994). Attributions, expressed emotion, 41 and patient relapse: An attributional model of relatives’ response to schizophrenic illness. Behavior Therapy, 25(1), 67–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80146-7

Article  Google Scholar 

Bean, R. A., Keenan, B. H., & Fox, C. (2021). Treatment of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: A review of family factors and family therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 50(3), 264–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2021.1909513

Article  Google Scholar 

Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979). Assessment of suicidal intention: The scale for suicide ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47(2), 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.47.2.343

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benson, P. R. (2024). Cross-lagged relations between maternal criticism and emotional and behavioral problems in children with ASD. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 113, 102358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102358

Article  Google Scholar 

Benson, P. R., Daley, D., Karlof, K. L., & Robison, D. (2011). Assessing expressed emotion in mothers of children with autism: The autism-specific five minute speech sample. Autism, 15(1), 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309352777

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhugra, D., & McKenzie, K. (2003). Expressed emotion across cultures. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 9(5), 342–348. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.9.5.342

Article  Google Scholar 

Brent, D. A., Emslie, G. J., Clarke, G. N., Asarnow, J., Spirito, A., Ritz, L., Vitiello, B., Iyengar, S., Birmaher, B., Ryan, N. D., Zelazny, J., Onorato, M., Kennard, B., Mayes, T. L., Debar, L. L., Mccracken, J. T., Strober, M., Suddath, R., Leonard, H., & Keller, M. B. (2009). Predictors of spontaneous and systematically assessed suicidal adverse events in the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents (TORDIA) study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(4), 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08070976

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T., & Wing, J. K. (1972). Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: A replication. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 121(562), 241–258. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.121.3.241

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cechnicki, A., Bielańska, A., Hanuszkiewicz, I., & Daren, A. (2013). The predictive validity of expressed emotions (EE) in schizophrenia. A 20-year prospective study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(2), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.10.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cherry, M. G., Taylor, P. J., Brown, S. L., & Sellwood, W. (2018). Attachment, mentalisation and expressed emotion in carers of people with long-term mental health difficulties. BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1842-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Claes, L., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Vandereycken, W. (2012). The scars of the inner critic: Perfectionism and nonsuicidal self-injury in eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 20(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.1158

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Claes, L., Vandereycken, W., & Vertommen, H. (2001). Self-injurious behaviors in eating-disordered patients. Eating Behaviors, 2, 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-0153(01)00033-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104

Article  Google Scholar 

Cole, J. D., & Kazarian, S. S. (1988). The level of expressed emotion scale: A new measure of expressed emotion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(3), 392–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.04.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Connor, J. J., & Rueter, M. A. (2006). Parent-child relationships as systems of support or risk for adolescent suicidality. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.143

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Covidence Systematic Review Software. Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. www.covidence.org

de Lange, J., Baams, L., van Bergen, D. D., Bos, H., & Bosker, R. J. (2022). Minority stress and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among LGBT adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis. LGBT Health, 9(4), 222–237. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2021.0106

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dippel, N., Szota, K., Cuijpers, P., Christiansen, H., & Brakemeier, E. (2022). Family involvement in psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 95(3), 656–679. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12392

Article  Google Scholar 

Du Rocher Schudlich, Ochrach, C., Youngstrom, E. A., Youngstrom, J. K., & Findling, R. L. (2021). I’m not being critical, you’re just too sensitive: Pediatric bipolar disorder and families. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 43(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09848-x

Article  Google Scholar 

Duclos, J., Dorard, G., Berthoz, S., Curt, F., Faucher, S., Falissard, B., & Godart, N. (2014). Expressed emotion in anorexia nervosa: What is inside the “black box”? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ellis, A. J., Portnoff, L. C., Axelson, D. A., Kowatch, R. A., Walshaw, P., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2014). Parental expressed emotion and suicidal ideation in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 216(2), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.013

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., Moulton-Perkins, A., Lee, Y.-W., Warren, F., Howard, S., Ghinai, R., Fearon, P., & Lowyck, B. (2016). Development and validation of a self-report measure of mentalizing: The reflective functioning questionnaire. PLoS ONE, 11(7), e0158678–e0158678. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158678

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fortune, S., Cottrell, D., & Fife, S. (2016). Family factors associated with adolescent self-harm: A narrative review. Journal of F

Comments (0)

No login
gif