Ahlse, J., Nilsson, F., & Sandström, N. (2020). It’s time to TikTok: Exploring Generation Z’s motivations to participate in #Challenges (Bachelor’s thesis). Jönköping University. https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48708

Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Balistreri, E., Busch-Rossnagel, N. A., & Geisinger, K. F. (1995). Development and preliminary validation of the ego identity process questionnaire. Journal of Adolescence, 18(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1995.1012

Article  Google Scholar 

Bell, B. T. (2019). You take fifty photos, delete forty-nine and use one: A qualitative study of adolescent image-sharing practices on social media. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 20, 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2019.03.002

Article  Google Scholar 

Berman, S. L. (2020). I identity distress. In S. Hupp, & J. D. Jewell (Eds.), The encyclopedia of child and adolescent development (pp. 1–11). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Berman, S. L., Montgomery, M. J., & Kurtines, W. M. (2004). The development and validation of a measure of identity distress. Identity, 4(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532706XID0401_1

Article  Google Scholar 

Berman, S. L., Weems, C. F., & Petkus, V. F. (2009). The prevalence and incremental validity of identity problem symptoms in a high school sample. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 40(2), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-008-0117-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brunborg, G. S., & Burdzovic Andreas, J. (2019). Increase in time spent on social media is associated with modest increase in depression, conduct problems, and episodic heavy drinking. Journal of Adolescence, 74(1), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.013

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Callero, P. L. (1985). Role-identity salience. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48(3), 203. https://doi.org/10.2307/3033681

Article  Google Scholar 

Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.141

Article  Google Scholar 

Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and measurement of generalized problematic internet use: A two-step approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1089–1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.012

Article  Google Scholar 

Chittenden, T. (2010). Digital dressing up: Modelling female teen identity in the discursive spaces of the fashion blogosphere. Journal of Youth Studies, 13(4), 505–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676260903520902

Article  Google Scholar 

Courtois, C., Mechant, P., De Marez, L., & Verleye, G. (2009). Gratifications and seeding behavior of online adolescents. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15(1), 109–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01496.x

Article  Google Scholar 

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2018). CASP qualitative checklist. CASP UK. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists

Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., Luyckx, K., & Meeus, W. (2008). Identity formation in early and middle adolescents from various ethnic groups: From three dimensions to five statuses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(8), 983–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9222-2

Article  Google Scholar 

Crocetti, E., Schwartz, S. J., Fermani, A., & Meeus, W. (2010). The Utrecht-Management of Identity commitments scale (U-MICS): Italian validation and cross-national comparisons. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(3), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000024

Article  Google Scholar 

Cruz, A. (2019). Let’s take a selfie! Living in a Snapchat beauty filtered world: The impact it has on women’s beauty perceptions (Electronic theses and dissertations No. 6471). University of Central Florida. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/6471

Cyr, B. A., Berman, S. L., & Smith, M. L. (2015). The role of communication technology in adolescent relationships and identity development. Child & Youth Care Forum, 44(1), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-014-9271-0

Article  Google Scholar 

Davis, K. (2013). Young people’s digital lives: The impact of interpersonal relationships and digital media use on adolescents’ sense of identity. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2281–2293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.022

Article  Google Scholar 

Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook friends: Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x

Article  Google Scholar 

Farrugia, L., Lauri, M. A., Borg, J., & O’Neill, B. (2019). Have you asked for it? An exploratory study about Maltese adolescents’ use of askFm. Journal of Adolescent Research, 34(6), 738–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558418775365

Article  Google Scholar 

Ferraro, G., Caci, B., D’Amico, A., & Blasi, M. D. (2007). Internet addiction disorder: An Italian study. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9972

Article  Google Scholar 

Fioravanti, G., Bocci Benucci, S., Ceragioli, G., & Casale, S. (2022). How the exposure to beauty ideals on social networking sites influences body image: A systematic review of experimental studies. Adolescent Research Review, 7(3), 419–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00179-4

Article  Google Scholar 

Fullwood, C., James, B. M., & Chen-Wilson, C. H. J. (2016). Self-concept clarity and online self-presentation in adolescents. Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking, 19(12), 716–720. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0623

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greenhow, C., & Robelia, B. (2009). Informal learning and identity formation in online social networks. Learning Media and Technology, 34(2), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439880902923580

Article  Google Scholar 

Guzzetti, B., & Gamboa, M. (2005). Online journaling: The informal writings of two adolescent girls. Research in the Teaching of English, 40(2), 168–206. https://doi.org/10.58680/rte20054494

Article  Google Scholar 

Hernandez, L., Montgomery, M. J., & Kurtines, W. M. (2006). Identity distress and adjustment problems in at-risk adolescents. Identity, 6(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532706xid0601_3

Article  Google Scholar 

Ho, S. S., Lwin, M. O., & Lee, E. W. J. (2017). Till logout do us part? Comparison of factors predicting excessive social network sites use and addiction between Singaporean adolescents and adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 632–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.002

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang, C. (2017). Time spent on social network sites and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(6), 346–354.nd Social Networking, 20(6), 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0758

Imperato, C., Mancini, T., & Musetti, A. (2022). Exploring the role of problematic social network site use in the link between reflective functioning and identity processes in adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00800-6

Article  Google Scholar 

Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: The influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851

Article  Google Scholar 

Kennedy, J., & Lynch, H. (2016). A shift from offline to online: Adolescence, the internet and social participation. Journal of Occupational Science, 23(2), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2015.1117523

Article  Google Scholar 

Klimstra, T. A., Hale, I. I. I., Raaijmakers, W. W., Branje, Q. A. W., S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2010). Identity formation in adolescence: Change or stability? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(2), 150–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9401-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kolotouchkina, O., Rangel, C., & Gómez, P. N. (2023). Digital media and younger audiences. Media and Communication, 11(4), 124–128. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i4.7647

Article  Google Scholar 

Kroger, J. (2006). Identity development: Adolescence through adulthood. SAGE.

Larose, R., Lin, C., & Eastin, M. (2003). Unregulated internet usage: Addiction, habit, or deficient self-regulation? Media Psychology, 5(3), 225–253. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0503_01

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee, E. W. J., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2017). Extending the social cognitive model—examining the external and personal antecedents of social network sites use among Singaporean adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 67, 240–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.030

Article  Google Scholar 

Leung, L. (2007). Stressful life events, motives for internet use, and social support among digital kids. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9967

Article  Google Scholar 

LewandowskiJr., G. W., Nardone, N., & Raines, A. J. (2010). The role of self-concept clarity in relationship quality. Self and Identity, 9(4), 416–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860903332191

Article  Google Scholar 

Lichy, J., McLeay, F., Burdfield, C., & Matthias, O. (2022). Understanding pre-teen consumers social media engagement. International Journal of Consumer Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12821

Article  Google Scholar 

Lin, C. Y., Broström, A., Nilsen, P., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2017). Psychometric validation of the Persian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale using classic test theory and Rasch models. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(4), 620–629. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.071

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central