Phylogenetics and molecular evolution to understand and curb the HIV pandemic

Krishnaratne, S., Hensen, B., Cordes, J., Enstone, J. & Hargreaves, J. R. Interventions to strengthen the HIV prevention cascade: a systematic review of reviews. Lancet HIV 3, e307–e317 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Landovitz, R. J., Scott, H. & Deeks, S. G. Prevention, treatment and cure of HIV infection. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 21, 657–670 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brink, D. T. et al. Impact of an international HIV funding crisis on HIV infections and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study. Lancet HIV 12, e346-e354, (2025).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. HIV Drug Resistance — Brief Report (WHO, 2024).

Loosli, T. et al. Predicted dolutegravir resistance in people living with HIV in South Africa during 2020–35: a modelling study. Lancet Glob. Health 13, e698–e706 (2025).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gandhi, R. T. et al. Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2022 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA panel. JAMA 329, 63–84 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nöstlinger, C. et al. HIV among migrants in precarious circumstances in the EU and European economic area. Lancet HIV 9, e428–e437 (2022).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Traeger, M. W. et al. Association of HIV preexposure prophylaxis with incidence of sexually transmitted infections among individuals at high risk of HIV infection. JAMA 321, 1380–1390 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 2024 Global AIDS Report — The Urgency of Now: AIDS at a Crossroads (UNAIDS, 2024).

Coffin, J. M. HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science 267, 483–489 (1995).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pitman, M. C., Lau, J. S. Y., McMahon, J. H. & Lewin, S. R. Barriers and strategies to achieve a cure for HIV. Lancet HIV 5, e317–e328 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kouyos, R. D. et al. Molecular epidemiology reveals long-term changes in HIV type 1 subtype B transmission in Switzerland. J. Infect. Dis. 201, 1488–1497 (2010).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bezemer, D. et al. Dispersion of the HIV-1 epidemic in men who have sex with men in the Netherlands: a combined mathematical model and phylogenetic analysis. PLoS Med. 12, e1001898 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hughes, G. J. et al. Molecular phylodynamics of the heterosexual HIV epidemic in the United Kingdom. PLoS Pathog. 5, e1000590 (2009).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wertheim, J. O. et al. Social and genetic networks of HIV-1 transmission in New York City. PLoS Pathog. 13, e1006000 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smith, D. M. et al. A public health model for the molecular surveillance of HIV transmission in San Diego, California. AIDS 23, 225–232 (2009).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garnett, G. P. Reductions in HIV incidence are likely to increase the importance of key population programmes for HIV control in sub-Saharan Africa. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 24, e25727 (2021).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fauci, A. S., Redfield, R. R., Sigounas, G., Weahkee, M. D. & Giroir, B. P. Ending the HIV epidemic: a plan for the United States. JAMA 321, 844 (2019).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tudor Hart, J. The inverse care law. Lancet 297, 405–412 (1971).

Article  Google Scholar 

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Fact Sheet — Latest Global and Regional Statistics on the Status of the AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS, 2024).

Mansky, L. M. & Temin, H. M. Lower in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 than that predicted from the fidelity of purified reverse transcriptase. J. Virol. 69, 5087–5094 (1995).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cuevas, J. M., Geller, R., Garijo, R., López-Aldeguer, J. & Sanjuán, R. Extremely high mutation rate of HIV-1 in vivo. PLoS Biol. 13, e1002251 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moutouh, L., Corbeil, J. & Richman, D. D. Recombination leads to the rapid emergence of HIV-1 dually resistant mutants under selective drug pressure. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 6106–6111 (1996).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei, X. et al. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature 373, 117–122 (1995).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perelson, A. S., Neumann, A. U., Markowitz, M., Leonard, J. M. & Ho, D. D. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science 271, 1582–1586 (1996).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grenfell, B. T. et al. Unifying the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of pathogens. Science 303, 327–332 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goulder, P. J. R. & Walker, B. D. HIV and HLA class I: an evolving relationship. Immunity 37, 426–440 (2012).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Richman, D. D., Wrin, T., Little, S. J. & Petropoulos, C. J. Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 4144–4149 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei, X. et al. Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1. Nature 422, 307–312 (2003).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shankarappa, R. et al. Consistent viral evolutionary changes associated with the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Virol. 73, 10489–10502 (1999).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zanini, F., Puller, V., Brodin, J., Albert, J. & Neher, R. A. In vivo mutation rates and the landscape of fitness costs of HIV-1. Virus Evol. 3, vex003 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baxter, J. et al. Inferring the multiplicity of founder variants initiating HIV-1 infection: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe 4, e102–e112 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keele, B. F. et al. Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 7552–7557 (2008).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alizon, S. & Fraser, C. Within-host and between-host evolutionary rates across the HIV-1 genome. Retrovirology 10, 49 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lythgoe, K. A., Gardner, A., Pybus, O. G. & Grove, J. Short-sighted virus evolution and a germline hypothesis for chronic viral infections. Trends Microbiol. 25, 336–348 (2017).

Article 

Comments (0)

No login
gif