Surgical ergonomics is a critical concept that focuses on optimizing the physical and cognitive interactions between surgeons and their operating environment to enhance performance, reduce fatigue, and prevent injury. This is particularly significant in colorectal surgery, where the complexity and duration of procedures can impose substantial physical and mental demands on surgeons.

Ergonomics directly influences surgeon performance by minimizing physical strain and cognitive load. Proper ergonomic practices, such as optimal instrument design and workstation layout, can reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which are prevalent among surgeons.1,2 These disorders can lead to chronic pain, reduced operative time, and even early retirement.3 Understanding best practices is essential for preventing work-related MSDs among surgeons as the implementation of targeted assessments and interventions can help identify and mitigate ergonomic risks, thereby preserving the surgeon's health and career longevity.4,5

Given how essential the integration of ergonomic principles into surgical practice is for the well-being of surgeons, this review aims to increase the awareness of ergonomic principles in the operating room and provide a practical guide to promote its application for various colorectal procedures.