Carcinoma of the esophagus is the fourth common cancer in India, with the majority of cancers occurring at the mid and lower third of the esophagus. Studies done to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery did show a statistically significant improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) with preoperative concurrent chemoradiation followed by surgery compared to surgery alone. The aim of this study is to analyze the oncological outcomes, survival rate, and factors that influence survival following esophagectomy in our institute. Patients with carcinoma esophagus who underwent esophagectomy in the Department of Surgical Oncology from the year 2015 to 2024 were included. The details of the patients, including clinical stage, histopathology details, type of surgery performed (VATS/transhiatal esophagectomy), neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy administered, and survival status of the patients, were retrospectively collected via hospital medical records and follow-up records. Statistical analyses were calculated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables. Independent t-tests were used to compare means. Kaplan–Meier curves were used for survival analysis. In our institute, a total of 126 patients with carcinoma esophagus were operated on. Among the 126 patients, 82 patients (65%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, and 44 patients (35%) underwent primary surgery. The median overall and disease-free survival for the entire study population was 30 months and 28 months, respectively. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation had a higher median overall and disease-free survival of 35 and 32 months as against 25 and 22 months for those who underwent primary surgery, which was statistically significant (p value = 0.002). Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation show better survival outcomes when compared with patients undergoing upfront surgery for carcinoma of the esophagus. VATS-assisted esophagectomy had superior oncological outcomes when compared with transhiatal esophagectomy with respect to nodal harvest, less morbidity, and better survival rates.