Evidence and conceptual models for the evolution of war: a response to Glowacki (2024) and Fry (2025)

According to Fry, archaeological evidence indicates that war arises by two main pathways: agriculture, and the “forager complexification scenario,” which refers to the development of larger, more densely populated sedentary societies. Fry et al. (2020) summarize these data. For example, in their Table 18.6, “The origins of war in eastern North America,” the period 13,000 to 7000 BP is characterized by “homicide,” the period 7000–3000 BP is characterized by “feuding, raiding,” and then after

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