Gordon B, Levine SA, Wilmaers A. Observations on a group of marathon runners: with special reference to the circulation. Arch Intern Med. 1924;33(4):425–34. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1924.00110280023003.
www.history.com/topics/sports/olympic-games.
Costa RJS, Snipe RMJ, Kitic CM, Gibson PR. Systematic review: exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome-implications for health and intestinal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46(3):246–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14157. (Epub 20170607).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Brouns F, Saris WH, Rehrer NJ. Abdominal complaints and gastrointestinal function during long-lasting exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1987;8(3):175–89. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025653.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rehrer NJ, Beckers E, Brouns F, ten Hoor F, Saris WH. Exercise and training effects on gastric emptying of carbohydrate beverages. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21(5):540–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rehrer NJ, van Kemenade M, Meester W, Brouns F, Saris WH. Gastrointestinal complaints in relation to dietary intake in triathletes. Int J Sport Nutr. 1992;2(1):48–59. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.2.1.48.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rehrer NJ, Meijer GA. Biomechanical vibration of the abdominal region during running and bicycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1991;31(2):231–4.
Worobetz LJ, Gerrard DF. Gastrointestinal symptoms during exercise in Enduro athletes: prevalence and speculations on the aetiology. N Z Med J. 1985;98(784):644–6.
Scrivin R, Costa RJ, Pelly F, Lis D, Slater G. Development and validation of a questionnaire investigating endurance athletes practices to manage gastrointestinal symptoms around exercise. Nutr Diet. 2021;78(3):286–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12674. (Epub 20210527).
Scrivin R, Costa RJS, Pelly F, Lis D, Slater G. An exploratory study of the management strategies reported by endurance athletes with exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Front Nutr. 2022;9:1003445. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1003445. (Epub 20221109).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gaskell SK, Costa RJS. Applying a low-FODMAP dietary intervention to a female ultraendurance runner with irritable bowel syndrome during a multistage ultramarathon. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(1):61–7. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0398. (Epub 20180926).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gaskell SK, Rauch CE, Costa RJS. Gastrointestinal assessment and therapeutic intervention for the management of exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms: a case series translational and professional practice approach. Front Physiol. 2021;12: 719142. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.719142. (Epub 20210907).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lis D, Ahuja KD, Stellingwerff T, Kitic CM, Fell J. Case study: utilizing a low FODMAP diet to combat exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016;26(5):481–7. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0293. (Epub 20160824).
Mujika I. Case Study: Long-term low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet impairs performance and subjective well-being in a world-class vegetarian long-distance triathlete. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(3):339–44. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0124. (Epub 20181113).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Costa RJ, Gill S, Hankey J, Scheer V, Murray A, Thake D. Compromised energy and nutritional intake of ultra-endurance runners during a multi-stage ultra-marathon conducted in a hot ambient environment. Int J Sports Sci. 2013;3(2):51–61. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.sports.20130302.03.
Costa RJ, Gill SK, Hankey J, Wright A, Marczak S. Perturbed energy balance and hydration status in ultra-endurance runners during a 24 h ultra-marathon. Br J Nutr. 2014;112(3):428–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000907. (Epub 20140513).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Costa RJ, Snipe R, Camões-Costa V, Scheer V, Murray A. The impact of gastrointestinal symptoms and dermatological injuries on nutritional intake and hydration status during ultramarathon events. Sports Med Open. 2016;2:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-015-0041-9. (Epub 20160105).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Engebretsen L, Soligard T, Steffen K, Alonso JM, Aubry M, Budgett R, et al. Sports injuries and illnesses during the London Summer Olympic Games 2012. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(7):407–14. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092380. (Epub 20130320).
Jeukendrup AE, Vet-Joop K, Sturk A, Stegen JH, Senden J, Saris WH, et al. Relationship between gastro-intestinal complaints and endotoxaemia, cytokine release and the acute-phase reaction during and after a long-distance triathlon in highly trained men. Clin Sci (Lond). 2000;98(1):47–55.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pfeiffer B, Stellingwerff T, Hodgson AB, Randell R, Pöttgen K, Res P, et al. Nutritional intake and gastrointestinal problems during competitive endurance events. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(2):344–51. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822dc809.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Benmassaoud A, Kanber Y, Nawar J, Bessissow T. Exercise-induced ischemic colitis in an amateur marathon runner. Endoscopy. 2014;46(Suppl 1 UCTN):E480. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1377536. (Epub 20141014).
Cohen DC, Winstanley A, Engledow A, Windsor AC, Skipworth JR. Marathon-induced ischemic colitis: why running is not always good for you. Am J Emerg Med. 2009;27(2):255.e5-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.06.033.
García Gavilán MC, Morales Alcázar F, Montes Aragón C, Sánchez Cantos AM. Ischemic colitis of the right colon after triathlon: the importance of high clinical suspicion. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;44(8):565–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.08.010. (Epub 20201112).
Grames C, Berry-Cabán CS. Ischemic colitis in an endurance runner. Case Rep Gastrointest Med. 2012;2012: 356895. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/356895. (Epub 20121010).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Robertson JD, Maughan RJ, Davidson RJ. Faecal blood loss in response to exercise. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987;295(6593):303–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6593.303.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gaskell SK, Rauch CE, Parr A, Costa RJS. Diurnal versus nocturnal exercise-effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(5):1056–67. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002546.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gaskell SK, Burgell R, Wiklendt L, Dinning P, Costa RJS. Does exertional heat stress impact gastrointestinal function and symptoms? J Sci Med Sport. 2022;25(12):960–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2022.10.008. (Epub 20221017).
Gaskell SK, Burgell R, Wiklendt L, Dinning PG, Costa RJS. Impact of exercise duration on gastrointestinal function and symptoms. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023;134(1):160–71. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00393.2022. (Epub 20221208).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gaskell SK, Henningsen K, Young P, Gill P, Muir J, Henry R, et al. The impact of a 24-h low and high fermentable oligo- di- mono-saccharides and polyol (FODMAP) diet on plasma bacterial profile in response to exertional-heat stress. Nutrients. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153376. (Epub 20230729).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gill SK, Hankey J, Wright A, Marczak S, Hemming K, Allerton DM, et al. The impact of a 24-h ultra-marathon on circulatory endotoxin and cytokine profile. Int J Sports Med. 2015;36(8):688–95. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1398535. (Epub 20150505).
Comments (0)