Barker DJP (1998) Mothers, babies and disease in later life. No Title)
Barker D, Osmond C (1988) Low birth weight and hypertension. BMJ: Br Med J 297(6641):134
Barker DJ (1990) The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ: Br Med J 301(6761):1111
Bale TL et al (2010) Early life programming and neurodevelopmental disorders. Biol Psychiatry 68(4):314–319
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nigg JT et al (2020) Development of ADHD: etiology, heterogeneity, and early life course. Annual Rev Dev Psychol 2:559–583
Kim JH et al (2020) Environmental risk factors, protective factors, and peripheral biomarkers for ADHD: an umbrella review. Lancet Psychiatry 7(11):955–970
Ghirardi L et al (2019) Genetic and environmental contribution to the overlap between ADHD and ASD trait dimensions in young adults: a twin study. Psychol Med 49(10):1713–1721
Visser JC et al (2016) Autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in early childhood: a review of unique and shared characteristics and developmental antecedents. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 65:229–263
Andersson A et al (2020) Research Review: the strength of the genetic overlap between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms–a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 61(11):1173–1183
Pettersson E et al (2013) Different neurodevelopmental symptoms have a common genetic etiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54(12):1356–1365
Barkley RA (2013) Distinguishing sluggish cognitive tempo from ADHD in children and adolescents: executive functioning, impairment, and comorbidity. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 42(2):161–173
Becker SP et al (2023) Report of a work group on sluggish cognitive tempo: key research directions and a consensus change in terminology to cognitive disengagement syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 62(6):629–645
Burns GL, Becker SP (2021) Sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US children: differentiation using categorical and dimensional approaches. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 50(2):267–280
Servera M et al (2018) Clinical differentiation of sluggish cognitive tempo and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. J Abnorm Psychol 127(8):818
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Neeper R, Lahey BB (1986) The children’s Behavior Rating Scale: a factor analytic developmental study. School Psychol Rev 15(2):277–288
Lahey BB et al (1988) Dimensions and types of attention deficit disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27(3):330–335
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Becker SP et al (2016) The internal, external, and diagnostic validity of sluggish cognitive tempo: a meta-analysis and critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 55(3):163–178
Burns GL et al (2024) Clinical distinction between cognitive disengagement syndrome and ADHD presentations in a nationally representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Becker SP (2025) Cognitive disengagement syndrome: A construct at the crossroads. American Psychologist. In press. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001517
Graham DM et al (2013) Prenatal alcohol exposure, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and sluggish cognitive tempo. Alcoholism: Clin Experimental Res 37:E338–E346
Tsang TW et al (2017) Behavior in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in remote Australia: a population-based study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 38(7):528–537
Camprodon-Rosanas E et al (2017) Sluggish cognitive tempo: Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics in a population of Catalan school children. J Atten Disord 21(8):632–641
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Georgsdottir I, Haraldsson A, Dagbjartsson A (2013) Behavior and well-being of extremely low birth weight teenagers in Iceland. Early Hum Dev 89(12):999–1003
East PL et al (2023) Iron deficiency in infancy and sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD symptoms in childhood and adolescence. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 52(2):259–270
Heeringa SG, Berglund PA (2020) A guide for population-based analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study baseline data. BioRxiv,: p. 2020.02. 10.942011
Garavan H et al (2018) Recruiting the ABCD sample: design considerations and procedures. Dev Cogn Neurosci 32:16–22
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Paul SE et al (2021) Associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and childhood outcomes: results from the ABCD study. JAMA Psychiatry 78(1):64–76
Moreau AL et al (2023) Prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure, depression, and brain morphology in middle childhood: results from the ABCD study. Biol Psychiatry Global Open Sci 3(2):243–254
Dooley N et al (2022) Birth weight and childhood psychopathology in the ABCD cohort: association is strongest for attention problems and is moderated by sex. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 50(5):563–575
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dooley N et al (2023) Explaining the association between fetal growth and childhood ADHD symptoms: cross-cohort replication. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 51(2):247–259
Wiggs KK et al (2022) Maternal serotonergic antidepressant use in pregnancy and risk of seizures in children. Neurology 98(23):e2329–e2336
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wiggs KK et al (2020) Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and risk of ASD and ADHD in children. Neurology 95(24):e3232–e3240
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Goossens J, Van Den Branden Y, Van der Sluys L, Delbaere I, Van Hecke A, Verhaeghe S, Beeckman D (2016) The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy ending in birth, associated factors, and health outcomes. Hum Reprod 31(12):2821–2833. Epub 2016 Oct 24. PMID: 27798048. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew266
Branum AM, Ahrens KA (2017) Trends in timing of pregnancy awareness among US women. Matern Child Health J 21:715–726
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Baker BH et al (2023) Maternal age at birth and child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: causal association or familial confounding? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 64(2):299–310
Du J et al (2022) Association between parental age, brain structure, and behavioral and cognitive problems in children. Mol Psychiatry 27(2):967–975
Lean SC et al (2017) Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 12(10):e0186287
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang C, Yan L, Qiao J (2022) Effect of advanced parental age on pregnancy outcome and offspring health. J Assist Reprod Genet 39(9):1969–1986
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Min X, Li C, Yan Y (2021) Parental age and the risk of ADHD in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(9):4939
Comments (0)