Taylor MJ, Freeman D, Lundström S, Larsson H, Ronald A. Heritability of psychotic experiences in adolescents and Interaction with Environmental Risk. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022;79:889–97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1947.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Q, Man Wu H, Yue W, Yan H, Zhang Y, Tan L, Deng W, Chen Q, Yang G, Lu T, et al. Effect of damaging rare mutations in synapse-related gene sets on response to short-term antipsychotic medication in Chinese patients with Schizophrenia: a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75:1261–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3039.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Richetto J, Meyer U. Epigenetic modifications in Schizophrenia and Related disorders: Molecular scars of Environmental exposures and source of phenotypic variability. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;89:215–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.008.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brandon A, Cui X, Luan W, Ali AA, Pertile RAN, Alexander SA, Eyles DW. Prenatal hypoxia alters the early ontogeny of dopamine neurons. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12:238. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02005-w.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guyon N, Zacharias LR, Fermino de Oliveira E, Kim H, Leite JP, Lopes-Aguiar C, Carlén M. Network Asynchrony underlying increased Broadband Gamma Power. J Neurosci. 2021;41:2944–63. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2250-20.2021.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Polcwiartek C, O’Gallagher K, Friedman DJ, Correll CU, Solmi M, Jensen SE, Nielsen RE. Severe mental illness: cardiovascular risk assessment and management. Eur Heart J. 2024;45:987–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae054.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brenaut E, Godin O, Leboyer M, Tamouza R, Assan F, Pignon B, Sbidian E. Association between Psychotic Disorders and Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis: Cohort Study of French Health Insurance Database. J Invest Dermatol. 2024;S0022-202X(24):00024–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.005

Grant RK, Brindle WM, Donnelly MC, McConville PM, Stroud TG, Bandieri L, Plevris JN. Gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia: a narrative review. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28:5515–29. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i38.5515.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Zhang L, Sun Y, Wang W, Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang J. Prevalence of constipation in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2024;331:115659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115659.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang C-C, Chen H-K. The prevalence of Constipation and its risk factors in patients with Schizophrenia. Taiwan J Psychiatry. 2021;35:95. https://doi.org/10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_20_21.

Article  Google Scholar 

Virtanen T, Eskelinen S, Sailas E, Suvisaari J. Dyspepsia and constipation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Nord J Psychiatry. 2017;71:48–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2016.1217044.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jessurun JG, van Harten PN, Egberts TCG, Pijl YJ, Wilting I, Tenback DE. The relation between Psychiatric diagnoses and Constipation in Hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry J. 2016;2016:e2459693. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2459693.

Article  Google Scholar 

De Hert M, Hudyana H, Dockx L, Bernagie C, Sweers K, Tack J, Leucht S, Peuskens J. Second-generation antipsychotics and constipation: a review of the literature. Eur Psychiatry. 2011;26:34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cannon M, Jones P, Schizophrenia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;60:604–13. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.60.6.604.

Cannon TD, Kaprio J, Lönnqvist J, Huttunen M, Koskenvuo M. The Genetic Epidemiology of Schizophrenia in a Finnish twin cohort: a Population-based modeling study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:67–74. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.1.67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bakwin H, Davidson M. Constipation in twins. Am J Dis Child. 1971;121:179–81. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1971.02100130133018.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Anttila V, Gusev A, Day FR, Loh P-R, ReproGen Consortium PG, Consortium, Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3, Duncan L, et al. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat Genet. 2015;47:1236–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3406.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shi H, Mancuso N, Spendlove S, Pasaniuc B. Local genetic correlation gives insights into the Shared Genetic Architecture of Complex traits. Am J Hum Genet. 2017;101:737–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.09.022.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Didelez V, Sheehan N. Mendelian randomization as an instrumental variable approach to causal inference. Stat Methods Med Res. 2007;16:309–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280206077743.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bulik-Sullivan BK, Loh P-R, Finucane HK, Ripke S, Yang J, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Patterson N, Daly MJ, Price AL, Neale BM. LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet. 2015;47:291–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3211.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Trubetskoy V, Pardiñas AF, Qi T, Panagiotaropoulou G, Awasthi S, Bigdeli TB, Bryois J, Chen C-Y, Dennison CA, Hall LS, et al. Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature. 2022;604:502–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kurki MI, Karjalainen J, Palta P, Sipilä TP, Kristiansson K, Donner KM, Reeve MP, Laivuori H, Aavikko M, Kaunisto MA, et al. FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature. 2023;613:508–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05473-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

1000 Genomes Project Consortium, Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, Korbel JO, Marchini JL, McCarthy S, McVean GA, et al. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature. 2015;526:68–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15393.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shi H, Kichaev G, Pasaniuc B. Contrasting the Genetic Architecture of 30 complex traits from Summary Association Data. Am J Hum Genet. 2016;99:139–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.013.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B, Wade KH, Haberland V, Baird D, Laurin C, Burgess S, Bowden J, Langdon R, et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. Elife. 2018;7:e34408. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34408.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bowden J, Del Greco MF, Minelli C, Davey Smith G, Sheehan NA, Thompson JR. Assessing the suitability of summary data for two-sample mendelian randomization analyses using MR-Egger regression: the role of the I2 statistic. Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45:1961–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw220.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burgess S, Thompson SG, CRP CHD Genetics Collaboration. Avoiding bias from weak instruments in mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:755–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr036.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Slob EAW, Burgess S. A comparison of robust mendelian randomization methods using summary data. Genet Epidemiol. 2020;44:313–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.22295.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burgess S, Thompson SG. Interpreting findings from mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32:377–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-017-0255-x.

Article