Mukerji A, Shah V, Shah PS. Periventricular/Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015;136:1132–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahn SY, Chang YS, Park WS. Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for neuroprotection in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57:251–6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Whitelaw A. Core Concepts: Intraventricular Hemorrhage. NeoReviews. 2011;12:e94–101.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aydın MŞ, Yiğit EN, Vatandaşlar E, Erdoğan E, Öztürk G. Transfer and Integration of Breast Milk Stem Cells to the Brain of Suckling Pups. Sci Rep. 2018;8:14289.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for the Newborn Lung and Brain: Possibilities and Challenges. Semin Perinatol. 2016;40:138–51.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Parodi A, Govaert P, Horsch S, Bravo MC, Ramenghi LA. Cranial ultrasound findings in preterm germinal matrix haemorrhage, sequelae and outcome. Pediatr Res. 2020;87:13–24.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Briere CE, McGrath JM, Jensen T, Matson A, Finck C. Breast Milk Stem Cells: Current Science and Implications for Preterm Infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2016;16:410–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cotten CM, Murtha AP, Goldberg RN, Grotegut CA, Smith PB, Goldstein RF, et al. Feasibility of autologous cord blood cells for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Pediatr. 2014;164:973–979.e1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park WS, Ahn SY, Sung SI, Ahn JY, Chang YS. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Magic Cure for Intraventricular Hemorrhage? Cell Transpl. 2017;26:439–48.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ninomiya K, Iwatsuki K, Ohnishi Yichiro, Ohkawa T, Yoshimine T. Intranasal delivery of bone marrow stromal cells to spinal cord lesions. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015;23:111–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mukai T, Mori Y, Shimazu T, Takahashi A, Tsunoda H, Yamaguchi S, et al. Intravenous injection of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells attenuates reactive gliosis and hypomyelination in a neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage model. Neuroscience. 2017;355:175–87.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hosseini SM, Talaei-khozani T, Sani M, Owrangi B. Differentiation of Human Breast-Milk Stem Cells to Neural Stem Cells and Neurons. Neurol Res Int. 2014;2014:807896.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keller T, Körber F, Oberthuer A, Schafmeyer L, Mehler K, Kuhr K, et al. Intranasal breast milk for premature infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage-an observation. Eur J Pediatr. 2019;178:199–206.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Keller T, Wengenroth L, Smorra D, Probst K, Kurian L, Kribs A, et al. Novel DRAQ5TM/SYTOX® Blue Based Flow Cytometric Strategy to Identify and Characterize Stem Cells in Human Breast Milk. Cytom B Clin Cytom. 2019;96:480–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Borhani-Haghighi M, Navid S, Mohamadi Y. The Therapeutic Potential of Conditioned Medium from Human Breast Milk Stem Cells in Treating Spinal Cord Injury. Asian Spine J. 2020;14:131–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gong Z, Wang C, Ni L, Ying L, Shu J, Wang J, et al. An injectable recombinant human milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8-loaded copolymer system for spinal cord injury reduces inflammation through NF-κB and neuronal cell death. Cytotherapy. 2020;22:193–203.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

de Weerth C, Aatsinki AK, Azad MB, Bartol FF, Bode L, Collado MC, et al. Human milk: From complex tailored nutrition to bioactive impact on child cognition and behavior. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63:7945–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoban R, Gallipoli A, Signorile M, Mander P, Gauthier-Fisher A, Librach C, et al. Feasibility of intranasal human milk as stem cell therapy in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. J Perinatol. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-024-01982-8.

Nabetani M, Shintaku H, Hamazaki T. Future perspectives of cell therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatr Res. 2018;83:356–63.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Twigger AJ, Hodgetts S, Filgueira L, Hartmann PE, Hassiotou F. From breast milk to brains: the potential of stem cells in human milk. J Hum Lact. 2013;29:136–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eliks M, Gajewska E. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale: A tool for the assessment of motor aspects of neurodevelopment in infancy and early childhood. Front Neurol. 2022;13:927502.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Case-Smith J. Reliability and Validity of the Posture and Fine Motor Assessment of Infants. Occup Ther J Res. 1989;9:259–72.

Article  Google Scholar 

Squires J, Bricker D Ages & Stages Questionnaires®, Third Edition (ASQ-3™). APA PsycTests; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1037/t11523-000.

Bayley N Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley III®). APA PsycTests; 2005. https://doi.org/10.1037/t14978-000.

Robins DL, Barton M, Fein D Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F). APA PsycTests; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1037/t67574-000.

Ren J, Cislo P, Cappelleri JC, Hlavacek P, DiBonaventura M. Comparing g-computation, propensity score-based weighting, and targeted maximum likelihood estimation for analyzing externally controlled trials with both measured and unmeasured confounders: a simulation study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2023;23:18.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Loiseau N, Trichelair P, He M, Andreux M, Zaslavskiy M, Wainrib G, et al. External control arm analysis: an evaluation of propensity score approaches, G-computation, and doubly debiased machine learning. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2022;22:335.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Adams-Chapman I. Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Neurodevelopmental Outcome. Clin Perinatol. 2018;45:453–66.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeMauro SB. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021;56:3509–17.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belfort MB, Inder TE. Human Milk and Preterm Infant Brain Development: A Narrative Review. Clin Ther. 2022;44:612–21.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Witkowska-Zimny M, Majczyna D. How Knowledge about Stem Cells Influences Attitudes towards Breastfeeding: Case Study of Polish Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:2382.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ballard O, Morrow AL. Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60:49–74.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar