Lemme NJ, Li NY, DeFroda SF, Kleiner J, Owens BD. Epidemiology of Achilles tendon ruptures in the United States: athletic and nonathletic injuries from 2012 to 2016. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6:2325967118808238.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hsu D, Anand P, Mabrouk A, Chang KV. Biceps tendon rupture. StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2023.

Google Scholar 

Tempelhof S, Rupp S, Seil R. Age-related prevalence of rotator cuff tears in asymptomatic shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8:296–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Minagawa H, Yamamoto N, Abe H, Fukuda M, Seki N, Kikuchi K, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic rotator cuff tears in the general population: from mass-screening in one village. J Orthop. 2013;10:8–12.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xergia SA, Tsarbou C, Liveris NI, Hadjithoma M, Tzanetakou IP. Risk factors for Achilles tendon rupture: an updated systematic review. Phys Sportsmed. 2023;51:506–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2022.2085505.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaida JE, Ashe MC, Bass SL, Cook JL. Is adiposity an under-recognized risk factor for tendinopathy? A systematic review. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:840–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Noback PC, Jang ES, Cuellar DO, Seetharaman M, Malagoli E, Greisberg JK, et al. Risk factors for achilles tendon rupture: a matched case control study. Injury. 2017;48:2342–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eliasson P, Dietrich-Zagonel F, Lundin AC, Aspenberg P, Wolk A, Michaelsson K. Statin treatment increases the clinical risk of tendinopathy through matrix metalloproteinase release—a cohort study design combined with an experimental study. Sci Rep. 2019;9:17958.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abboud JA, Kim JS. The effect of hypercholesterolemia on rotator cuff disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468:1493–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kraemer R, Wuerfel W, Lorenzen J, Busche M, Vogt PM, Knobloch K. Analysis of hereditary and medical risk factors in Achilles tendinopathy and Achilles tendon ruptures: a matched pair analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012;132:847–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang Y, Lu H, Qu J. Tendon pathology in hypercholesterolaemia patients: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. J Orthop Translat. 2019;16:14–22.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lewis T, Cook J. Fluoroquinolones and tendinopathy: a guide for athletes and sports clinicians and a systematic review of the literature. J Athl Train. 2014;49:422–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scott A, Backman LJ, Speed C. Tendinopathy: update on pathophysiology. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015;45:833–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang W-T, Huang S-W, Liou T-H, Lin H-W. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were associated with a risk of rotator cuff diseases. J Clin Med. 2019;8:129.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Otter S, Payne C, Jones AM, Webborn N, Watt P. Differences in Achilles tendon stiffness in people with gout: a pilot study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21:658.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin CY, Huang SC, Tzou SJ, Yin CH, Chen JS, Chen YS, et al. A positive correlation between steroid injections and cuff tendon tears: a cohort study using a clinical database. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:4520.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:e285–350.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thompson PD, Panza G, Zaleski A, Taylor B. Statin-associated side effects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2395–410.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fonarow GC, Kosiborod MN, Rane PB, Nunna S, Villa G, Habib M, et al. Patient characteristics and acute cardiovascular event rates among patients with very high-risk and non-very high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Clin Cardiol. 2021;44:1457–66.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Klimchak AC, Patel MY, Iorga SR, Kulkarni N, Wong ND. Lipid treatment and goal attainment characteristics among persons with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the United States. Am J Prevent Cardiol. 2020;1:100010.

Article  Google Scholar 

Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140:e563–95.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pullatt RC, Gadarla MR, Karas RH, Alsheikh-Ali AA, Thompson PD. Tendon rupture associated with simvastatin/ezetimibe therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:152–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gowdar SD, Thompson PD. Multiple tendon ruptures associated with statin therapy. J Clin Lipidol. 2020;14:189–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thompson PD, Arora S, Duvall WL. Tendonopathy due to simvastatin and ezetimibe, amyloidosis or both? Am J Cardiol. 2020;130:165.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoffman KB, Kraus C, Dimbil M, Golomb BA. A survey of the FDA’s AERS database regarding muscle and tendon adverse events linked to the statin drug class. PLoS One. 2012;7:e42866.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pfizer. LIPITOR® (atorvastatin calcium) [package insert]. New York, NY. 2020. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/020702s073lbl.pdf. Accessed Sep 9, 2022.

Bristol Myers Squibb. PRAVACHOL® (pravastatin sodium) [package insert]. Princeton, NJ. 2020. https://packageinserts.bms.com/pi/pi_pravachol.pdf. Accessed Sep 9, 2022.

Teichtahl AJ, Brady SR, Urquhart DM, Wluka AE, Wang Y, Shaw JE, et al. Statins and tendinopathy: a systematic review. Med J Aust. 2016;204:115-21.e1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Contractor T, Beri A, Gardiner JC, Tang X, Dwamena FC. Is statin use associated with tendon rupture? A population-based retrospective cohort analysis. Am J Ther. 2015;22:377–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ballantyne CM, Bays H, Catapano AL, Goldberg A, Ray KK, Saseen JJ. Role of bempedoic acid in clinical practice. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2021;35:853–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Esperion Therapeutics Inc. NEXLETOL® (bempedoic acid) prescribing information. 2024. https://pi.esperion.com/nexletol/nexletol-pi.pdf. Accessed Apr 18, 2024.

Goldberg AC, Leiter LA, Stroes ESG, Baum SJ, Hanselman JC, Bloedon LT, et al. Effect of bempedoic acid vs placebo added to maximally tolerated statins on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease: the CLEAR Wisdom randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;322:1780–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ray KK, Bays HE, Catapano AL, Lalwani ND, Bloedon LT, Sterling LR, et al. Safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid to reduce LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1022–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nissen SE, Lincoff AM, Brennan D, Ray KK, Mason D, Kastelein JJP, et al. Bempedoic acid and cardiovascular outcomes in statin-intolerant patients. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1353–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bays HE, Bloedon LT, Lin G, Powell HA, Louie MJ, Nicholls SJ, et al. Safety of bempedoic acid in patients at high cardiovascular risk and with statin intolerance. J Clin Lipidol. 2023:S1933–2874(23)00313–6

Morales DR, Slattery J, Pacurariu A, Pinheiro L, McGettigan P, Kurz X. Relative and absolute risk of tendon rupture with fluoroquinolone and concomitant fluoroquinolone/corticosteroid therapy: populati