Malta DC, Bernal RTI, Lima MG, de Araújo SSC, da Silva MMA, Freitas MIdF, et al. Noncommunicable diseases and the use of health services: analysis of the National Health Survey in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 2017;51:1s–10s.

Article  Google Scholar 

Manne-Goehler J, Geldsetzer P, Agoudavi K, Andall-Brereton G, Aryal KK, Bicaba BW, et al. Health system performance for people with diabetes in 28 low- and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative surveys. PLoS Med. 2019;16:e1002751.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Naghavi M, Abajobir AA, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, et al. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 2017;390:1151–210.

Article  Google Scholar 

Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lu Y, Singh GM, Cowan MJ, Paciorek CJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2.7 million participants. The Lancet. 2011;378:31–40.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhou B, Bentham J, Di Cesare M, Bixby H, Danaei G, Cowan MJ, et al. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants. The Lancet. 2017;389:37–55.

Article  Google Scholar 

Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Acuin C, et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet. 2017;390:2627–42.

Article  Google Scholar 

Basto-Abreu A, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Wade AN, Oliveira de Melo D, Semeão de Souza AS, Nunes BP, et al. Multimorbidity matters in low and middle-income countries. J Multimorb Comorb. 2022;12:1–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shanmuganathan S, Mustapha FI, Wilson A. Evaluating the sustainability of non-communicable diseases programs in Malaysia. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:1–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Watkins DA, Msemburi WT, Pickersgill SJ, Kawakatsu Y, Gheorghe A, Dain K, et al. NCD countdown 2030: efficient pathways and strategic investments to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal target 3.4 in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet. 2022;399:1266–78.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bloom DE, Cafiero ET, Jané-Llopis E, Abrahams-Gessel S, Bloom LR, Fathima S, et al. The global economic burden of non-communicable diseases [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland; 2011. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Harvard_HE_GlobalEconomicBurdenNonCommunicableDiseases_2011.pdf.

Nugent R, Bertram MY, Jan S, Niessen LW, Sassi F, Jamison DT, et al. Investing in non-communicable disease prevention and management to advance the sustainable development goals. The Lancet. 2018;391:2029–35.

Article  Google Scholar 

Odoch WD, Senkubuge F, Hongoro C. How has sustainable development goals declaration influenced health financing reforms for universal health coverage at the country level? A scoping review of literature. Glob Health. 2021;17:1–13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kutzin J. Health financing for universal coverage and health system performance: concepts and implications for policy. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91:602–11.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hanson K, Brikci N, Erlangga D, Alebachew A, De Allegri M, Balabanova D, et al. The Lancet Global Health Commission on financing primary health care: putting people at the centre. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10:e715–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Daniels N. Justice and access to health care [Internet]. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2009. p. 1–25. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-healthcareaccess/.

Daniels N. Justice, health, and health care. In: Rhodes R, Battin M, Silvers A, editors. Medicine and social justice: essays on the distribution of health care. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199744206.003.0002.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Hessler K, Buchanan A. Equality, democracy, and the human right to health care. In: Rhodes R, Battin M, Silvers A, editors. Medicine and social justice: essays on the distribution of health care. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199744206.003.0009.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Rasul FB, Sarker M, Yasmin F, De Allegri M. Exploring health-seeking behavior for non-communicable chronic conditions in northern Bangladesh. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022;2:1–16.

Article  Google Scholar 

Stucki G, Bickenbach J. Health, functioning, and well-being: individual and societal. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;100:1788–92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Using Performance Monitoring to Improve Community Health. Understanting health and its determinants. In: Durch JS, Bailey LA, Stoto MA, editors. Improving health in the community: a role for performance monitoring. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 1997. p. 40–58.

Google Scholar 

Levesque J-F, Harris MF, Russell G. Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. Int J Equity Health. 2013;12:18.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kruk ME, Gage AD, Joseph NT, Danaei G, García-Saisó S, Salomon JA. Mortality due to low-quality health systems in the universal health coverage era: a systematic analysis of amenable deaths in 137 countries. The Lancet. 2018;392:2203–12.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lacasse A, Nguefack HLN, Page MG, Choinière M, Samb OM, Katz J, et al. Sex and gender differences in healthcare utilisation trajectories: a cohort study among Quebec workers living with chronic pain. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e070509.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gajovic G, Janicijevic K, Andric D, Djurovic O, Radevic S. Gender differences in health care utilization among the elderly. Exp Appl Biomed Res. 2021;22:195–203.

Google Scholar 

Cameron KA, Song J, Manheim LM, Dunlop DD. Gender disparities in health and healthcare use among older adults. J Women’s Health. 2010;19:1643–50.

Article  Google Scholar 

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Gender and health [Internet]. What is gender? What is sex? 2023. p. 1z. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/48642.html.

Gómez GE. Género, equidad y acceso a los servicios de salud: una aproximación empírica. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2002;11:327–34.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vlassoff C. Gender differences in determinants and consequences of health and illness. J Health Popul Nutr. 2007;25:47–61.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bautista-Arredondo S, Vargas-Flores A, Moreno-Aguilar LA, Colchero MA. Utilización de servicios de salud en México: cascada de atención primaria en 2022. Salud Pública de México. 2023;65:s15-22.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Colchero MA, Gómez R, Pineda-Antúnez CJ, Bautista-Arredondo SA. Health care utilization during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico: the cascade of care. Salud Pública de México. 2021;63:743–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Colchero M, Gómez R, Bautista-Arredondo S. Caracterización de la “cascada de atención” en servicios públicos en México en localidades de menos de 100000 habitantes. Salud Pública de Mexico. 2019;61:734–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Valson JS, Kutty VR. Gender differences in the relationship between built environment and non-communicable diseases: a systematic review. J Public Health Res. 2018;7:43–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Travis CB, Meltzer AL, Howerton DM. Gender and health-care utilization. In: Chrisler JC, McCreary DR, editors. Handbook of gender research in psychology: volume 2: gender research in social and applied psychology. New York: Springer; 2010. p. 517–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1467-5_22.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Hay K, McDougal L, Percival V, Henry S, Klugman J, Wurie H, et al. Disrupting gender norms in health systems: making the case for change. The Lancet. 2019;393:2535–49.

Article  Google Scholar 

Altamirano M. Política social e igualdad de género en México, 2012–2018. Foro internacional. 2020;60:755–89.

Article  Google Scholar 

Becerril-Montekio V, Meneses-Navarro S, Pelcastre-Villafuerte BE, Serván-Mori E. Segmentation and fragmentation of health systems and the quest for universal health coverage: conceptual clarifications from the Mexican case. J Public Health Policy. 2024;45:164–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meneses-Navarro S, Pelcastre-Villafuerte B, Becerril-Montekio V, Serván-Mori E. Overcoming the health systems’ segmentation to achieve universal health coverage in Mexico. Int J Health Plan Manag. 2022;37:3357–64.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bernales-Baksai P. Tackling segmentation to advance universal health coverage: analysis of policy architectures of health care in Chile and Uruguay. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19:106.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferre JC. Social policy expansion and segmentation in the first two decades of the 21st century in Latin America. Int J Soc Welf. 2023;32:486–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12579.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cotlear D, Gómez-Dantés O, Knaul F, Atun R, Barreto ICHC, Cetrángolo O, et al. Overcoming social segregation in health care in Latin America. The Lancet. 2015;385:1248–59.

Article