Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, Brenner H et al (2017) Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncol. 3(4):524–548. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5688

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, Freedman ND, Kamangar, (2014) Gastric cancer: Descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 23(5):700–713. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1057

Article  Google Scholar 

Ren C, Qiu MZ, Wang DS, Ren C, Qiu MZ, Wang ZQ et al (2012) Prognostic effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in gastric cancer. J Transl Med 10:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-10-16

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Du C, Yang S, Zhao X, Dong H (2017) Pathogenic roles of alterations in vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in gastric tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 8(17):29474–29486. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15298

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pan L, Matloob AF, Du J, Pan H, Dong Z, Zhao Z et al (2010) Vitamin D stimulates apoptosis in gastric cancer cells in synergy with trichostatin A sodium butyrate-induced and 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine-induced PTEN upregulation. FEBS J 277(4):989–999. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07542.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang L, He X, Li L, Lu C (2019) Effect of vitamin D on Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication: A meta-analysis. Helicobacter 24(5):e12655. https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.12655

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khayatzadeh S, Feizi A, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A (2015) Vitamin D intake, serum vitamin D levels, and risk of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Res Med Sci 20(8):790–796. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-1995.168404

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garland CF, Garland FC (1980) Do sunlight and vitamin D reduce the likelihood of colon cancer? Int J Epidemiol 9(3):227–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/9.3.227

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP et al (2011) Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96(7):1911–1930. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0385

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feldman D, Krishnan AV, Swami S, Giovannucci E, Feldman BJ (2014) The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression. Nat Rev Cancer 14:342–357. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3691

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee JE, Li H, Chan AT, Hollis BW, Lee IM, Stampfer MJ (2011) Circulating levels of vitamin D and colon and rectal cancer: the Physicians’ Health Study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cancer Prev Res Phila Pa 4:735–743. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0289

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Estébanez N, Gómez-Acebo I, Palazuelos C, Llorca J, Dierssen-Sotos T (2018) Vitamin D exposure and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 8:9039. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27297-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Phukan RK, Zomawia E, Hazarika NC, Baruah D, Mahanta J (2004) High prevalence of stomach cancer among the people of Mizoram. India Curr Sci 87:285–286

Google Scholar 

Shibata A, Longacre TA, Puligandla B, Parsonnet J, Habel LA (2001) Histological Classification of Gastric Adenocarcinoma for Epidemiological Research: Concordance between Pathologists. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10(1):75–78

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao X, Wang J, Zou L (2023) Vitamin D and gastric cancer-A systematic review and meta-analysis Vitamina D y cáncer gástrico: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Nutr Hosp 40(5):1080–1087. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.04410

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bermejo F, García-López S (2009) A guide to diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in digestive diseases. World J Gastroenterol 15:4638–4643. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.4638

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A (2013) Cancer statistics CA Cancer J Clin 63:11–30 https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21166

Maeta M, Yamashiro H, Oka A, Tsujitani S, Ikeguchi M, Kaibara N (1995) Gastric cancer in the young, with special reference to 14 pregnancy-associated cases: analysis based on 2,325 consecutive cases of gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 58:191–195. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.2930580310

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mitsudomi T, Matsusaka T, Wakasugi K, Takenaka M, Kume K, Fujinaga Y et al (1989) A clinicopathological study of gastric cancer with special reference to age of the patients: an analysis of 1,630 cases. World J Surg 13:225–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658407. (discussion 30–1)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wen Y, Da M, Zhang Y, Peng L, Yao J, Duan Y (2015) Alterations in vitamin D signaling pathway in gastric cancer progression: a study of vitamin D receptor expression in human normal, premalignant, and malignant gastric tissue. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 8:13176–13184

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tang G, Hart R, Sholzberg M, Brezden-Masley C (2017) Iron deficiency anemia in gastric cancer: A single site retrospective cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 135(4_suppl):188–188. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.35.4_suppl.188

Article  Google Scholar 

Qurieshi MA, Khan SMS, Masoodi MA, Qurieshi U, Ain Q, Jan Y et al (2016) Epidemiology of Cancers in Kashmir, India: An Analysis of Hospital Data. Adv Prev Med 5(2016):e1896761

Google Scholar 

Zargar AH, Ahmad S, Masoodi SR, Wani AI, Bashir MI, Laway BA et al (2007) Vitamin D status in apparently healthy adults in Kashmir Valley of Indian subcontinent. Postgrad Med J 183(985):713–716. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2007.059113

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB, Compton CC, Gershenwald JE, Brookland RK, et al (2017) The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more “personalized” approach to cancer staging. CA: Cancer J Clin. 7(2):93–9 https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21388.

Ben-Shoshan M, Amir S, Dang DT, Dang LH, Weisman Y, Mabjeesh NJ (2007) 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in human cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 6:1433–1439. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0677

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vyas N, Companioni RC, Tiba M, Alkhawam H, Catalano C, Sogomonian R et al (2016) Association between serum vitamin D levels and gastric cancer: a retrospective chart analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 8:688–694. https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v8.i9.688

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen W, Dawsey SM, Qiao YL, Mark SD, Dong ZW, Taylor PR et al (2007) Prospective study of serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentration and risk of oesophageal and gastric cancers. Br J Cancer 97:123–128. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603834

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Rimm EB, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ et al (2006) Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 98:451–459. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djj101

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qadir J, Majid S, Khan MS, Wani MD (2021) Association of Vitamin D receptor gene variations with Gastric cancer risk in Kashmiri population. Mol Biol Rep 48(4):3313–3325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06376-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar