Code-ICH: A New Paradigm for Emergency Intervention

American Heart Association. Phase III Target: Stroke: higher goals for greater good. Accessed May 3, 2024. https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/professional/quality-improvement/target-stroke/target-stroke-phase-iii/ts-phase-iii-5-6-19/final5619-target-stroke-phase-3-brochure.pdf

Avan A, Digaleh H, Di Napoli M, Stranges S, Behrouz R, Shojaeianbabaei G, Amiri A, Tabrizi R, Mokhber N, Spence JD, Azarpazhooh MR. Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and worldwide burden: an ecological analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):1–30.

Article  Google Scholar 

Feigin VL, Stark BA, Johnson CO, Roth GA, Bisignano C, Abady GG, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abd-Allah F, Abedi V, Abualhasan A. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Neurology. 2021;20(10):795–820.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Giles MF, Howard SC, Silver LE, Bull LM, Gutnikov SA, Edwards P, Mant D, Sackley CM, Farmer A. Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford Vascular Study). The Lancet. 2004;363(9425):1925–33.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zahuranec DB, Lisabeth LD, Sánchez BN, Smith MA, Brown DL, Garcia NM, Skolarus LE, Meurer WJ, Burke JF, Adelman EE, Morgenstern LB. Intracerebral hemorrhage mortality is not changing despite declining incidence. Neurology. 2014;82(24):2180–6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li Q, Yakhkind A, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV, Anderson CS, Dowlatshahi D, Frontera JA, Hemphill JC, Ganti L, Kellner C, May C. Code ICH: A Call to Action. Stroke. 2024;55(2):494–505.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ruff IM, de Havenon A, Bergman DL, Dugue R, Frontera JA, Goldstein JN, Hemphill JC, Marulanda-Londono E, Prabhakaran S, Richards CT, Sunmonu NA. 2024 AHA/ASA Performance and Quality Measures for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Report From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2024 May 2.

Salman RA, Frantzias J, Lee RJ, Lyden PD, Battey TW, Ayres AM, Goldstein JN, Mayer SA, Steiner T, Wang X, Arima H. Absolute risk and predictors of the growth of acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. The Lancet Neurology. 2018;17(10):885–94.

Article  Google Scholar 

Anderson CS, Heeley E, Huang Y, Wang J, Stapf C, Delcourt C, Lindley R, Robinson T, Lavados P, Neal B, Hata J. Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(25):2355–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qureshi AI, Palesch YY, Barsan WG, Hanley DF, Hsu CY, Martin RL, Moy CS, Silbergleit R, Steiner T, Suarez JI, Toyoda K. Intensive blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(11):1033–43.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li Q, Warren AD, Qureshi AI, Morotti A, Falcone GJ, Sheth KN, Shoamanesh A, Dowlatshahi D, Viswanathan A, Goldstein JN. Ultra-early blood pressure reduction attenuates hematoma growth and improves outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Neurol. 2020;88(2):388–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moullaali TJ, Wang X, Martin RH, Shipes VB, Robinson TG, Chalmers J, Suarez JI, Qureshi AI, Palesch YY, Anderson CS. Blood pressure control and clinical outcomes in acute intracerebral haemorrhage: a preplanned pooled analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Neurology. 2019;18(9):857–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, Dowlatshahi D, Francis B, Goldstein JN, Hemphill JC III, Johnson R, Keigher KM, Mack WJ, Mocco J. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022;53(7):e282-361.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma L, Hu X, Song L, Chen X, Ouyang M, Billot L, Li Q, Malavera A, Li X, Muñoz-Venturelli P, de Silva A. The third Intensive Care Bundle with Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT3): an international, stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2023;402(10395):27–40.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li G, Lin Y, Yang J, Anderson CS, Chen C, Liu F, Billot L, Li Q, Chen X, Liu X, Ren X. Intensive ambulance-delivered blood-pressure reduction in hyperacute stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2024 May 16.

Flaherty ML, Kissela B, Woo D, Kleindorfer D, Alwell K, Sekar P, Moomaw CJ, Haverbusch M, Broderick JP. The increasing incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007;68(2):116–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Veltkamp R, Rizos T, Horstmann S. Intracerebral bleeding in patients on antithrombotic agents. InSeminars in thrombosis and hemostasis 2013 Oct 10 (pp. 963–971). Thieme Medical Publishers.

Seiffge DJ, Goeldlin MB, Tatlisumak T, Lyrer P, Fischer U, Engelter ST, Werring DJ. Meta-analysis of haematoma volume, haematoma expansion and mortality in intracerebral haemorrhage associated with oral anticoagulant use. J Neurol. 2019;266:3126–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steiner T, Poli S, Griebe M, Hüsing J, Hajda J, Freiberger A, Bendszus M, Bösel J, Christensen H, Dohmen C, Hennerici M. Fresh frozen plasma versus prothrombin complex concentrate in patients with intracranial haemorrhage related to vitamin K antagonists (INCH): a randomised trial. Lancet Neurology. 2016;15(6):566–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Connolly SJ, Sharma M, Cohen AT, Demchuk AM, Członkowska A, Lindgren AG, Molina CA, Bereczki D, Toni D, Seiffge DJ, Tanne D. Andexanet for Factor Xa Inhibitor-Associated Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(19):1745–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sheth KN, Solomon N, Alhanti B, Messe SR, Xian Y, Bhatt DL, Hemphill JC, Frontera JA, Chang RC, Danelich IM, Huang J. Time to Anticoagulation Reversal and Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. JAMA neurology. 2024 Feb 9.

Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, Antonelli M, Coopersmith CM, French C, Machado FR, Mcintyre L, Ostermann M, Prescott HC, Schorr C. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):e1063–143.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parry-Jones AR, Sammut-Powell C, Paroutoglou K, Birleson E, Rowland J, Lee S, Cecchini L, Massyn M, Emsley R, Bray B, Patel H. An intracerebral hemorrhage care bundle is associated with lower case fatality. Ann Neurol. 2019;86(4):495–503.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sridhar D, Ramamoorthy L, Narayan SK, Amalnath D, Lalthanthuami HT, Ganapathy S, Puliyakkuth U. Effectiveness of nurse-led fever, sugar-hyperglycemia, and swallowing bundle care on clinical outcome of patients with stroke at a tertiary care center: A randomized controlled trial. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2024;15(2):255.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hanley DF, Thompson RE, Rosenblum M, Yenokyan G, Lane K, McBee N, Mayo SW, Bistran-Hall AJ, Gandhi D, Mould WA, Ullman N. Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery with thrombolysis in intracerebral haemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE III): a randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10175):1021–32.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Polster SP, Carrión-Penagos J, Lyne SB, Gregson BA, Cao Y, Thompson RE, Stadnik A, Girard R, Money PL, Lane K, McBee N. Intracerebral hemorrhage volume reduction and timing of intervention versus functional benefit and survival in the MISTIE III and STICH trials. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(5):961–70.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kellner CP, Song R, Ali M, Nistal DA, Samarage M, Dangayach NS, Liang J, McNeill I, Zhang X, Bederson JB, Mocco J. Time to evacuation and functional outcome after minimally invasive endoscopic intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation.

Pradilla G, Ratcliff JJ, Hall AJ, Saville BR, Allen JW, Paulon G, McGlothlin A, Lewis RJ, Fitzgerald M, Caveney AF, Li XT. Trial of early minimally invasive removal of intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(14):1277–89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fonarow GC, Zhao X, Smith EE, Saver JL, Reeves MJ, Bhatt DL, Xian Y, Hernandez AF, Peterson ED, Schwamm LH. Door-to-needle times for tissue plasminogen activator administration and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke before and after a quality improvement initiative. JAMA. 2014;311(16):1632–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bako AT, Potter T, Pan A, Tannous J, Rahman O, Langefeld C, Woo D, Britz G, Vahidy FS. Geographic disparities in case fatality and discharge disposition among patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(10):e027403.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kalasapudi L, Williamson S, Shipper AG, Motta M, Esenwa C, Otite FO, Chaturvedi S, Morris NA. Scoping review of racial, ethnic, and sex disparities in the diagnosis and management of hemorrhagic stroke. Neurology. 2023;101(3):e267–76.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Becker KJ, Baxter AB, Cohen WA, Bybee HM, Tirschwell DL, Newell DW, Winn HR, Longstreth WT Jr. Withdrawal of support in intracerebral hemorrhage may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. Neurology. 2001;56(6):766–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mc Lernon S, Werring D, Terry L. Clinicians’ perceptions of the appropriateness of neurocritical care for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH): a qualitative study. Neurocrit Care. 2021;35:162–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Comments (0)

No login
gif