Funding

Open Access funding provided by Osaka University. This work was supported in part by the grant from JSPS KAKENHI (JP23K15187 to T.S.).

Conflict of interest

M.M. reports receiving grants from Ono Pharmaceutical, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Delt-Fly Pharma, and Chugai Pharmaceutical and honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly Japan, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ono Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Nippon Kayaku, Kyowa Kirin, Daiichi-Sankyo, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and Shionogi Pharmaceutical outside of the submitted work. M.T. reports receiving grants from Ono Pharmaceutical, Japan, Bristol–Myers Squibb, and Boehringer Ingelheim; and honoraria for lectures from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Japan, Eli Lilly, Asahi Kasei Pharmaceutical, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Bristol-Myers Squibb outside of the submitted work. A.T. reports receiving grants from AstraZeneca, BeiGene, and Daiichi-Sankyo and honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Amgen, Kyowa Kirin, Merck BioFarma, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Bristol–Myers Squibb, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Nihon-Kayaku, and Thermo Fischer Scientific outside of the submitted work. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. K.M., Y.Y., T.S., T.K., Y.K., H.S., S.T., K.U., T.N., I.N., Y.T., and A.K. declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

Ethics approval

This cohort study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the World Health Organization’s Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. This study was also approved by the ethical review board of each participating institute.

Consent to participate

An opt-out method was used so that patients and families could refuse to participate in the study.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and material

Data are available on request from the authors.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Author contributions

K.M.: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, resources, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Y.Y.: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. T.S.: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, supervision, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. T.K.: conceptualization, data curation, investigation, methodology, resources, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. M.M., M.T., Y.K., A.T., H.S., S.T., K.U., and T.N.: investigation, resources, writing—review and editing. I.N.: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration, supervision, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Y.T. and A.K.: project administration, supervision, writing—review and editing. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.