Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A (2023) Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 73(1):17–48

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71(3):209–249

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schouten MG, van der Leest M, Pokorny M, Hoogenboom M, Barentsz JO, Thompson LC, Futterer JJ (2017) Why and where do we miss significant prostate cancer with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging followed by magnetic resonance-guided and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy in biopsy-naive men? Eur Urol 71(6):896–903

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Force UPST (2018) Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA 319(18):1901–1913

Article  Google Scholar 

Kasivisvanathan V, Stabile A, Neves JB, Giganti F, Valerio M, Shanmugabavan Y, Clement KD, Sarkar D, Philippou Y, Thurtle D, Deeks J, Emberton M, Takwoingi Y, Moore CM (2019) Magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy versus systematic biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 76(3):284–303

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, Panebianco V, Mynderse LA, Vaarala MH, Briganti A, Budäus L, Hellawell G, Hindley RG, Roobol MJ, Eggener S, Ghei M, Villers A, Bladou F, Villeirs GM, Virdi J, Boxler S, Robert G, Singh PB, Venderink W, Hadaschik BA, Ruffion A, Hu JC, Margolis D, Crouzet S, Klotz L, Taneja SS, Pinto P, Gill I, Allen C, Giganti F, Freeman A, Morris S, Punwani S, Williams NR, Brew-Graves C, Deeks J, Takwoingi Y, Emberton M, Moore CM (2018) MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostate-cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med 378(19):1767–1777

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA, Padhani AR, Villeirs G, Macura KJ, Tempany CM, Choyke PL, Cornud F, Margolis DJ, Thoeny HC, Verma S, Barentsz J, Weinreb JC (2019) Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1: 2019 update of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2. Eur Urol 76(3):340–351

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mohammadian Bajgiran A, Afshari Mirak S, Shakeri S, Felker ER, Ponzini D, Ahuja P, Sisk AE, Lu DS, Raman SS (2019) Characteristics of missed prostate cancer lesions on 3T multiparametric-MRI in 518 patients: based on PI-RADSv2 and using whole-mount histopathology reference. Abdom Radiol 44(3):1052–1061

Article  Google Scholar 

Wibmer AG, Lefkowitz RA, Lakhman Y, Chaim J, Nikolovski I, Sala E, Fine SW, Donahue TF, Kattan MW, Hricak H, Vargas HA (2022) MRI-detectability of clinically significant prostate cancer relates to oncologic outcomes after prostatectomy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 20(4):319–325

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Houdt PJ, Ghobadi G, Schoots IG, Heijmink SWTPJ, de Jong J, van der Poel HG, Pos FJ, Rylander S, Bentzen L, Haustermans K, van der Heide UA (2020) Histopathological features of MRI-invisible regions of prostate cancer lesions. J Magn Reson Imaging 51(4):1235–1246

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chatterjee A, Gallan A, Fan X, Medved M, Akurati P, Bourne RM, Antic T, Karczmar GS, Oto A (2023) Prostate cancers invisible on multiparametric MRI: pathologic features in correlation with whole-mount prostatectomy. Cancers 15(24):5825

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Westphalen AC, McCulloch CE, Anaokar JM, Arora S, Barashi NS, Barentsz JO, Bathala TK, Bittencourt LK, Booker MT, Braxton VG, Carroll PR, Casalino DD, Chang SD, Coakley FV, Dhatt R, Eberhardt SC, Foster BR, Froemming AT, Fütterer JJ, Ganeshan DM, Gertner MR, Gettle LM, Ghai S, Gupta RT, Hahn ME, Houshyar R, Kim C, Kim CK, Lall C, Margolis DJA, McRae SE, Oto A, Parsons RB, Patel NU, Pinto PA, Polascik TJ, Spilseth B, Starcevich JB, Tammisetti VS, Taneja SS, Turkbey B, Verma S, Ward JF, Warlick CA, Weinberger AR, Yu J, Zagoria RJ, Rosenkrantz AB (2020) Variability of the positive predictive value of PI-RADS for prostate MRI across 26 centers: experience of the society of abdominal radiology prostate cancer disease-focused panel. Radiology 296(1):76–84

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Epstein JI (2010) An update of the Gleason grading system. J Urol 183(2):433–440

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bourne R, Kurniawan N, Cowin G, Sved P, Watson G (2011) 16 T diffusion microimaging of fixed prostate tissue: preliminary findings. Magn Reson Med 66(1):244–247

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bourne RM, Kurniawan N, Cowin G, Stait-Gardner T, Sved P, Watson G, Price WS (2012) Microscopic diffusivity compartmentation in formalin-fixed prostate tissue. Magn Reson Med 68(2):614–620

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Langer DL, van der Kwast TH, Evans AJ, Plotkin A, Trachtenberg J, Wilson BC, Haider MA (2010) Prostate tissue composition and MR measurements: investigating the relationships between ADC, T2, K(trans), v(e), and corresponding histologic features. Radiology 255(2):485–494

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chatterjee A, Watson G, Myint E, Sved P, McEntee M, Bourne R (2015) Changes in Epithelium, stroma, and lumen space correlate more strongly with gleason pattern and are stronger predictors of prostate ADC changes than cellularity metrics. Radiology 277(3):751–762

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gilani N Editorial for “Utility of prostate health index density for biopsy strategy in biopsy-naïve patients with PI-RADS v2.1 category 3 lesions”. J Magn Reson Imaging n/a (n/a)

Chatterjee A, Harmath C, Oto A (2020) New prostate MRI techniques and sequences. Abdom Radiol 45(12):4052–4062

Article  Google Scholar 

Sabouri S, Chang SD, Savdie R, Zhang J, Jones EC, Goldenberg SL, Black PC, Kozlowski P (2017) Luminal water imaging: a new MR imaging T2 mapping technique for prostate cancer diagnosis. Radiology 284(2):451–459

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Panagiotaki E, Walker-Samuel S, Siow B, Johnson SP, Rajkumar V, Pedley RB, Lythgoe MF, Alexander DC (2014) Noninvasive quantification of solid tumor microstructure using VERDICT MRI. Can Res 74(7):1902–1912

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

McCammack KC, Schenker-Ahmed NM, White NS, Best SR, Marks RM, Heimbigner J, Kane CJ, Parsons JK, Kuperman JM, Bartsch H, Desikan RS, Rakow-Penner RA, Liss MA, Margolis DJA, Raman SS, Shabaik A, Dale AM, Karow DS (2016) Restriction spectrum imaging improves MRI-based prostate cancer detection. Abdom Radiol 41(5):946–953

Article  Google Scholar 

Nilsson M, Eklund G, Szczepankiewicz F, Skorpil M, Bryskhe K, Westin C-F, Lindh C, Blomqvist L, Jäderling F (2021) Mapping prostatic microscopic anisotropy using linear and spherical b-tensor encoding: a preliminary study. Magn Reson Med 86(4):2025–2033

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chatterjee A, Bourne RM, Wang S, Devaraj A, Gallan AJ, Antic T, Karczmar GS, Oto A (2018) Diagnosis of prostate cancer with noninvasive estimation of prostate tissue composition by using hybrid multidimensional MR imaging: a feasibility study. Radiology 287(3):864–873

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lemberskiy G, Fieremans E, Veraart J, Deng F-M, Rosenkrantz AB, Novikov DS (2018) Characterization of prostate microstructure using water diffusion and NMR relaxation. Front Phys 6:91. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2018.00091

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lemberskiy G, Rosenkrantz AB, Veraart J, Taneja SS, Novikov DS, Fieremans E (2017) Time-dependent diffusion in prostate cancer. Investig Radiol 52(7):405–411

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Wu HH, Priester A, Magyar C, Mirak SA, Shakeri S, Bajgiran AM, Hosseiny M, Azadikhah A, Sung K, Reiter RE, Sisk AE, Raman S, Enzmann DR (2020) Prostate microstructure in prostate cancer using 3-T MRI with diffusion-relaxation correlation spectrum imaging: validation with whole-mount digital histopathology. Radiology 296(2):348–355

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kjaer L, Thomsen C, Iversen P, Henriksen O (1987) In vivo estimation of relaxation processes in benign hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate gland by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 5(1):23–30

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Storås TH, Gjesdal K-I, Gadmar ØB, Geitung JT, Kløw N-E (2008) Prostate magnetic resonance imaging: multiexponential T2 decay in prostate tissue. J Magn Reson Imaging 28(5):1166–1172

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gilani N, Rosenkrantz AB, Malcolm P, Johnson G (2015) Minimization of errors in biexponential T2 measurements of the prostate. J Magn Reson Imaging 42(4):1072–1077

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sabouri S, Fazli L, Chang SD, Savdie R, Jones EC, Goldenberg SL, Black PC, Kozlowski P (2017) MR measurement of luminal water in prostate gland: quantitative correlation between MRI and histology. J Magn Reson Imaging 46(3):861–869

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carlin D, Orton MR, Collins D, deSouza NM (2019) Probing structure of normal and malignant prostate tissue before and after radiation therapy with luminal water fraction and diffusion-weighted MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 50(2):619–627

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Devine W, G